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Linux Software

ESR Dismisses PRC "Official Linux" Announcement 369

webmaven writes "Eric S. Raymond reacts in this LinuxToday story to the recent press regarding the Chinese government oficially adopting Linux. He dismisses the story as untrue, and furthermore states that the principles of the PRC are incompatible with the voluntary cooperation that is the spirit of the Open Source movement." But it's not just China. Apparently Cubans like Linux too. So read Eric's essay and decide for yourself whether this is good, bad or all just hot air. Comments?
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ESR Dismisses PRC "Official Linux" Announcement

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  • That would blow away his rabid victimization -- he claims that Christians are evil and wicked because we persecuted his "spiritual forbears".

    If so, that's really annoying and depressing. Yeah, some Christians did exactly that, and other Christians are trying to do it now. Then again, I doubt that very many Quakers have any hand in that stuff, and the last time I checked, they were Christians too.

    It's fine -- in fact, admirable -- to object to objectionable acts by members of a given group, but Raymond generally seems to go a step farther and claim that the objectionable acts are characteristic of the entire group, and are furthermore necessitated by membership in that group. With a self-selected group like Christians or communists or Nazis, that's not nearly as scary as it would be with an "ethnic" or "racial" group, but it's still unjust and goofy. We've had a rash of very public violence in the news these past few months, and the balance of the perpetrators were people with strong anti-government and pro-2nd-Amendment views. Would Raymond care to be lumped in with those characters? I doubt it very much -- after all, he hasn't shot up any JCC's and I can't imagine that he would condone such a thing, much less do it himself. Similary, the fact that Hitler may have been a pagan tells us absolutely nothing about the racial or political views of other pagans, Eric Raymond included. If he's gonna generalize unreasonably, I guess it's good to be consistent and do it to himself, too, but he's really getting worked up about nothing.

    Incidentally, my devoutly Catholic friend Tom would never condone any persecution of Raymond for his beliefs. Tom has pagan friends and he considers their beliefs as silly as they consider his -- but since they're all nice people, they don't hassle each other about it. I don't crawl up his ass with my atheism, either, and we get along just fine.


    Kind of sad.

    That strikes me as unfair. I don't know about Raymond, but speaking for myself (unlike Raymond, I'm unable to speak for anybody else :) I'd rather be called an "asshole" than "kind of sad". "Kind of sad" implies helplessness and stupidity. You can communicate with somebody who hates you, but not with somebody who feels sorry for you. Regardless of my personal opinion of Mr. Raymond's intellect and morals, communication seems more productive to me than condesenscion (the spelling of which just doesn't look right to me -- all spelling flames welcome).

  • Care to show us some correct one, specific to communism?
    With apologies to President Clinton, that depends on what the meaning of "specific to communism" is.

    In the late 19th century, there were a whole bunch of political movements that we would call "left-wing". Several of these movements, not just Marx's, called themselves "Communist". Sometimes they took one another's theories and techniques, and sometimes they bickered (sounds familiar, eh?). A big chunk of the Communist Manifesto is devoted to flaming other movements, such as utopian socialism and anarchism, that were popular at the time.

    Over the past century, some of the ideas that circulated through these movements, such as the legalization of trade unions, became pretty much mainstream. Some, such as the inevitable immiseration of the working class, became pretty much discredited. Some, such as full employment, are still being argued about (this particular issue is big in France, as I recall). Newer movements, such as environmentalism and gay rights, have added ideas and issues to the mix that Marx and his buddies never considered.

  • Earlier this week, there was an article on /. about Yahoo censoring their message boards. The /. community reacted with uniform distaste for this idea. We felt that Yahoo had no right to do what they were doing (even though they did) and we all seemed to hope that they would fall into leagal hot water when challenged.

    In general, whenever a free speach issue appears on /., we all react in the most liberal manner. We don't want our rights taken away; we don't want anyone's rights taken away. We agree that people have the right to say just about whatever they want as long as it is not slanderous or libellous. We also all seemed to feel that the moderation system here on /. was a good way of keeping offensive comments from being to much a part of the community without violating the rights of induviduals to make those comments.

    Yet now, the /. community has turned around. Many people are taking offence at the idea that China may (or may not) adopt Linux as the "official" OS. We're getting mad because they have perpetrated numerous human rights violations. We think that licences should forbid countries like the People's Republic from using Linux.

    By endorsing such ideas, we are just as much in violation of the ideas of free speach.

    I agree that China has done many things that are evil and wrong. I don't support their corrupt idea of "comunism." But it is wrong to tell the Chinese government that it can't use Linux because the government is evil.

    Making it impossible for the Chinese to use Linux because of human rights violations would be like telling a member of the KKK that they can't buy rope because they will use that rope to kill some one. It would be like telling a satanist that they can't get up on a soap box in a park and rant because some one might take offense.

    Here in the US, we have a Bill of Rights. This bill protects our citizens from many things. But why is it that as soon as an idea is not covered by the Bill of Rights (i.e. China, because they are not memebers of our union and, therefore, don't have to abide by the Bill of Rights), we feel that the Bill of Rights no longer applies?

    If China wishes to use Linux, it is their right, not because they are a large, oppressive superpower and can take what they want; not because they adhear to the Bill of Rights; not because we like them. It is their right because it is the fundamental right of all people, and through the people, the countries in which the people live, to improve themselves and speak their minds.

    I am sorry to rant on like this, but I feel that there is something of a double standard here and I felt the need to point it out.

    I agree, in theory, that China using Linux looks bad for the Linux community, but if we deny them the right to use Linux (via licensing etc.) are we not just as bad? Aren't we then supporting the very thing we wish to stop?

  • ESR is apparently right about this thing being a rumour and not much more. You will know this for yourself if you follow the links he gives instead of just reading the comments about his article. Here is what the original press release said:

    GraphOn Corporation, (Nasdaq: GOJO) (www.graphon.com), a Silicon Valley web-enabling software company, today announced it has established alliances that it believes will afford millions of users throughout China Internet and network access to powerful server-based applications and speed adoption of Linux® as China's operating system of choice.

    Presumeably somebody from Yahoo called the guy and got this quote:

    "Enthusiasm for Linux is coming from the very highest level of the Government in China," says Robin Ford executive vice president of GraphOn.

    Which was miraculously transformed on Slashdot into this:

    YAHOO UK is reporting that the People's Republic of China will be naming Linux as its "Official Operating System"

    Anyone can see how rediculous this whole chain of events was. I read Slashdot for facts, not for unsubstantiated rumours that generate threads containing articles consisting mostly of groundless speculation that get moderated up. This whole affair should be embarrassing to all of us - if it isn't, there is something wrong. What are we going to do to try to make it not happen again? The last thing we need is for Slashdot to gain a reputation as primarily a rumour mill - that's not what it is, I know that and you know that. But one fiasco like this can undo the good effects of dozens of informative, useful threads, as far as the clueless industry press is concerned.

    That was my rant about truth and the need to pursue it. Now another short rant. ESR was completely wrong to have used this opportunity for publicizing his own political views. But, thanks a lot for debunking this thing for us.

    This in no way means that I don't think China or any other country shouldn't enthusiastically adopt Linux, or the product of any other open-source effort, politics be dammed.
  • No wait. There is just one point here.
    I am stuck to open source.

    This is getting too much similar to:
    Arms are just a tool, drugs instead are BAD.

    For the great american people (and maybe some poor european) encription and technology is good and it must be widespread, so we can defend ourselves from the government.
    Chinese instead are to be considered unable to use the same tecnology for the same reasons...
    When I'll see (I won't: its a hoax) the chinese gov. make other osses illegal or using this os for bad things I will flame them. In the mean time they can do with linux anything as can everybody else. And I'm quite happy with it.

    Just as long as the chinese people have free access to source code, all of this is good.
    Please just don't be afraid if someone who has done LOTS of bad mistakes gets one right.
    Paranoia must be a tool, not a master.

    About free-is-everything argument:
    The fact that the chinese people (not some chinese, one billion chinese) are adopting any technology is just another naive illusion.
    You must have bucks to do choices in the technology arena.
    Or have institutions back choices for you instead.

    Surely the first is better. In this case it simply isn't an option because software can be free as in speech, seldom as in beer (and seldom*1'000'000'000 is a BIG number) but knowledge of IT (even at consumer level) COSTS REAL BUCKS. (just imagine TCO*1'000'000'000).

    Should any significant increase in tech knowledge occur for that 1'000'000'000 as a mass THIS WOULD BE GOOD no matter who does it.
    How it is done is an ethical problem not a tech or outcome problem.

    Or do you think that backing a fascist coup as in Chile is ethical or acceptable? (but obviously you can discuss if it has been good) I guess (and hope) we have same ideas on the morality of bombing the Casa Rosada and desaparecidos.

  • There was a project in Mexico2 years ago to make Linux the official operating system in all state Mexican schools, even with a company quoting for the project. Unfortunately, a new administration put the project on hold.
  • Well, how do you think they would have felt if it had been a matter of state security personnel sniffing about the distinction and siding with the communism in Marx's works? But, honestly, I don't remember seeing any mention of the USSR in ESR's essay. I do, however, distinctly remember him contrasting China's human rights with the US's, but failing to note that the US merely *exports* its human rights abuses. Well, unless you're young and black, of course...
  • "Free software is about freedom. The only thing that can happen by China's adoption of GNU/Linux is more freedom."

    Uh, or millions of people will say "Oh, Free software is written by a load of Commie Red Hippies.", and go off and buy Windows 2000.

    One or the other.
    --
  • And your point is?

    All officially atheist countries are oppresive:
    Therefore all atheists are oppressors?
    Therefore no non-atheists are oppressors?
    Therefore no non-officially atheist country is oppresive?

    I think you are trying to make a point but you haven't got the guts to come out and say it. Even as an AC... Sad really.

    There are no religions (or non-religions) that have acheived official national status that *haven't* commited an atrocity or two, but I'm sure you'll point out why your religion's were *special* or *justified* somehow.

    I am an atheist and I couldn't give a s***t about the professed religion or lack of it of any regime, unless they use it as an excuse to beat the crap out of people.

    Tom
  • Sorry, but Socialism, even the democratic kind, cannot optimize social welfare. Without accurate prices that reflect costs, you lose too much efficiency.
    -russ
  • 1. No country that has ever set up a "communist" system has managed to meet the exacting criteria of those sympathetic to communist ideals...well, after the full story came out, at least. A lot of pro-communists in the US and other countries loudly applauded Stalin's economic and government re-organizations even as he was quietly exterminating ethnic and social groups. "I have seen the future, and it works", one wrote during this period. So, either communism is a system that can never work (since it's been tried in so many places and seems to mysteriously and instantaneously become something else, according to proponents), or it's just a fraud.

    2. The Chinese government has absolutely nothing to do with the Chinese people (unless it, say, forces Linux on the people as the only permissible OS). No one, not even ESR, has objected to the growth of Linux in private hands in China. He, and I, and others, object to a totalitarian regime endorsing and adopting an OS we like. As I mentioned in another post, that's partly (for me) because it can only make the PRC government more efficient at oppressing its people.

    3. Actually sorta true. As long as you keep your head down and don't challenge, criticize, or disagree with the government, there is increasing liberty, of a sort. I like to think of it as the first sign of the end for the PRC. If the PRC started using Linux as the information infrastructure for its administration, that might be stalled or reversed, though.

    4. Pinochet sure as Hell ain't my friend. Nor is the current leftist regime in Haiti that our president re-established and propped up, or any of a few dozen other despicable folks/groups you and I could get together and brainstorm a list of. Just as the Chinese government != the Chinese people, the US government != US citizens. Hell, I don't even consider the US government my friend. There's "where the fuck" I find the moral standing.
  • Posted by Nr9:

    extremely well written.
    clearly shows why the GON FE Chinese government shouldn't be trusted and should never be trusted
    ANY GON Fe's reading this? comon u gon fe shit? yea. ..the guys who used simplified chinese and Pin YIN ... GAN NI NIA ...TZAO!!!>TA MA DE JEE BAI.. GO BACK , take ure simplified CHINeZSE AND TZE SHIR. ALso, PRAy TO MAO ZHU SHI and KiSS DENG'S DEAD BODY.. .ALSO SAY HI TO MR. JIANG FOR ME.. >and LET HIM known that he's a fuckin eunuch... hHgo back and zhong tien cuZ thats all GON FE Know how to DO.
  • Even if you force people to use a free[dom] operating system, you are not advancing freedom. You're right about societies changing slowly, and a gift of freedom from a government is no gift.
    -russ
  • by Anonymous Coward
    In Hitler's case, he was not pagan but was in fact a Christian -- in private and in public.
    Is that why he said "The only similarity between National Socialism and Christianity is that they both demand the entire man?" Or why he moved the celebration of Christmas for the SS to the Winter Solstice? Or why he put swastikas in German churches and removed all the crosses? There are a whole lot of documented historical facts to counter this assertion.
    Night of 11th-12th July, 1941: National Socialism and religion cannot exist together.... The heaviest blow that ever struck humanity was the coming of Christianity. Bolshevism is Christianity's illegitimate child. Both are inventions of the Jew. The deliberate lie in the matter of religion was introduced into the world by Christianity.... Let it not be said that Christianity brought man the life of the soul, for that evolution was in the natural order of things. (p 6 & 7)

    10th October, 1941, midday: Christianity is a rebellion against natural law, a protest against nature. Taken to its logical extreme, Christianity would mean the systematic cultivation of the human failure. (p 43)

    14th October, 1941, midday: The best thing is to let Christianity die a natural death.... When understanding of the universe has become widespread... Christian doctrine will be convicted of absurdity.... Christianity has reached the peak of absurdity.... And that's why someday its structure will collapse.... ...the only way to get rid of Christianity is to allow it to die little by little.... Christianity the liar.... We'll see to it that the Churches cannot spread abroad teachings in conflict with the interests of the State. (p 49-52)

    19th October, 1941, night: The reason why the ancient world was so pure, light and serene was that it knew nothing of the two great scourges: the pox and Christianity.

    21st October, 1941, midday: Originally, Christianity was merely an incarnation of Bolshevism, the destroyer.... The decisive falsification of Jesus' doctrine was the work of St.Paul. He gave himself to this work... for the purposes of personal exploitation.... Didn't the world see, carried on right into the Middle Ages, the same old system of martyrs, tortures, faggots? Of old, it was in the name of Christianity. Today, it's in the name of Bolshevism. Yesterday the instigator was Saul: the instigator today, Mardochai. Saul was changed into St.Paul, and Mardochai into Karl Marx. By exterminating this pest, we shall do humanity a service of which our soldiers can have no idea. (p 63-65)

    13th December, 1941, midnight: Christianity is an invention of sick brains: one could imagine nothing more senseless, nor any more indecent way of turning the idea of the Godhead into a mockery.... .... When all is said, we have no reason to wish that the Italians and Spaniards should free themselves from the drug of Christianity. Let's be the only people who are immunised against the disease. (p 118 & 119)

    14th December, 1941, midday: Kerrl, with noblest of intentions, wanted to attempt a synthesis between National Socialism and Christianity. I don't believe the thing's possible, and I see the obstacle in Christianity itself.... Pure Christianity-- the Christianity of the catacombs-- is concerned with translating Christian doctrine into facts. It leads quite simply to the annihilation of mankind. It is merely whole-hearted Bolshevism, under a tinsel of metaphysics. (p 119 & 120)

    9th April, 1942, dinner: There is something very unhealthy about Christianity (p 339)

    27th February, 1942, midday: It would always be disagreeable for me to go down to posterity as a man who made concessions in this field. I realize that man, in his imperfection, can commit innumerable errors-- but to devote myself deliberately to errors, that is something I cannot do. I shall never come personally to terms with the Christian lie. Our epoch Uin the next 200 yearse will certainly see the end of the disease of Christianity.... My regret will have been that I couldn't... behold ." (p 278)

    Quotes are taken from:
    Hitler's Secret Conversations 1941-1944 published by Farrar, Straus and Young, Inc.first edition, 1953
    The church bears a huge burden of guilt for not standing up to Hitler. But he wasn't ours -- he certainly was /not/ a Christian in any sense of the word.

    OTOH, I agree with your point about bad-apples not making much of a point about the religious system to which they belong. But the point was that ESR didn't think so -- he (based on private emails) feels privileged to judge other faith systems on some very spurious bases. Sorry, the man's a jerk.

  • Posted by Nr9:

    ehehheh... nnot CHINA.. China IS GON FE AND CAN go Gan TA DE NIA

    TAIWAN is BESTEST
  • As a Chinese major, and a student of PRC politics, I think I can safely say that China is in no way other than name a Communist nation. China is certainly an authoritarian nation, but they've mostly discarded any Marxist theory in favor of some Maoist thought and currently a whole lot of Deng Xiaoping style "socialism with Chinese characteristics" (read, state run capitalism).

    For example, the Communist Manifesto explicitly states that industrial workers are the true proletariat, while peasants are rather useless from a revolutionary standpoint. Mao turned that on its nose. Furthermore, the entire proletariat is global, and independent of nationality, while the Chinese government promotes intense xenophobia when it suits its needs. Finally, the people have little to no say in government -- the People's Congress being little more than a "yes organization" for the Politburo and senoir officials like Li Peng and Jiang Zemin. It is a "People's Republic" in the minds of very few. I think my friends that I work with here in the US who hail from mainland China would all agree (some of them having grown up in prison camps thanks to the Cultural Revolution).

  • You silly twit, this announcement is about the communist government *forcing* its citizens to use Linux. That's not choice.
    -russ
  • in a lot of situations the pre-industrial peasants were "working for somebody else" because they didn't own the land
    Marx et al. cover this. If I remember correctly, the argument goes:

    In a feudal economy, the lower class consists of peasants. Feudal systems place all sorts of restrictions on peasants (they can't just pick up and move, for example), but the feudal lord's power over the peasants is also constrained (he can't just evict them, either).

    In a capitalist economy, the lower class is the proletariat (a.k.a. "the working class"), who own their own labor power, but can only sell it to members of the bourgeoisie (a.k.a. "the bosses"). If you're in the proletariat and you can't find anyone to buy your labor, you're SOL.

    The bourgeoisie buys the proletariat's labor for as little as it can pay, and sells the products of the labor for as much as it can charge, to whoever is willing to pay. (There's the alienation of labor -- once the widget leaves the worker's hands, he or she has no special relationship with it.)

    The bourgeoisie can then plow the profits into exploiting the workers further: for example, skilled craftsmen, who own their own tools, get replaced by unskilled (therefore easy-to-replace, therefore low-paid) factory workers whose tools (the factory machines) belong to the bourgeoisie.

    Marx and Engels predicted that economic forces would (a) drive businesses in every field to either merge with or bankrupt competitors, creating monopolies protected or controlled by business-friendly governments; (b) drive the bourgeoisie to tighten the screws further and further on the proletariat, until everyone in that class was paid no more than enough to survive. Then, they thought, the proletariat would get sick of it all, seize control of all these centralized industries, and manage them for the benefit of all of society rather than for profit.

    We all know it didn't work out that way, but in the 1880s, this was not an unreasonable theory.

  • On the topic of XIX century capitalism:

    At least in the UK, rapid industrialization significantly depressed median incomes (or at least our estimates of median incomes) due to the mechanization of agriculture. These people flowed into the large cities to work in the factories; the surplus of unskilled labour pushed rates to the very bottom.

    Unfortunately, rather than taking up the slack and improving production, rates stayed there. There was simply no upward pressure on wages. Life in the cities was crowded and disease-ridden, resulting in a drop in estimated life expectancy.

    This doesn't mean that agrarian feudalism was a walk in the park, though. It was nasty and brutish. Nor am I rejecting my own cushy existence which is made possible by industrialism. I merely make the observation that for several generations the industrial revolution, although inevitable, resulted in a significant downturn in standards of living.

    The same trend occurred to a lesser extent in the US's new england states and in Canada, merely time-shifted.

    I hope that when you take all this into account, the increased poverty, the disease, the overall wretchedness, you'll come to the conclusion that capitalism, despite where it has brought us, was a poor alternative to agrarian feudalism for the great majority of people. It is a characteristic of any major social-economic revolution; look at post-Communist Russia.



    --
  • I think you mean 'oligarchy'; it's hard for a 'plutocracy' to exist on barely-existent wealth.

    Because in a pseudo-Communist state that never had a well-developed economy, there's not that much to steal unless, say, you loot the wealth for formerly succesful countries.

  • In a feudal economy, the lower class consists of peasants. Feudal systems place all sorts of restrictions on peasants (they can't just pick up and move, for example), but the feudal lord's power over the peasants is also constrained (he can't just evict them, either).

    Except that in many feudal societies, the lord had the power of life-or-death over his vassals in the very real sense of using various sharp pointy things to kill (unarmed) peasants who resisted him in any way.


    In a capitalist economy, the lower class is the proletariat (a.k.a. "the working class"), who own their own labor power, but can only sell it to members of the bourgeoisie (a.k.a. "the bosses"). If you're in the proletariat and you can't find anyone to buy your labor, you're SOL.

    Unless you start your own business, with or without capital. Even in an industrial economy, there are lots of niches for people to start their own businesses. That's how those big businesses started in the first place.


    The bourgeoisie buys the proletariat's labor for as little as it can pay, and sells the products of the labor for as much as it can charge, to whoever is willing to pay.

    True, but incomplete. The proletariat also sells its labor for as much as it can get, and the consumers of the products pay as little as they can get. That's what happens with a economic system based on free association and free choice.


    The bourgeoisie can then plow the profits into exploiting the workers further: for example, skilled craftsmen, who own their own tools, get replaced by unskilled (therefore easy-to-replace, therefore low-paid) factory workers whose tools (the factory machines) belong to the bourgeoisie

    This really has little to do with a free market and everything to do with the circumstances of the industrial revolution (nor is universal, since unionization - another great free-market activity, mostly - resists the replaceability). Now, in the information age, the situation is turning around, and people decry capitalism because unskilled workers have trouble keeping and getting jobs and skilled workers become more important.
  • So you support the mass murder of chinese citizens by their own government?

    Before you are so hasty to bash the Chinese, remember that they didn't elect their own government. I think that it's good ( for the Chinese people ) that the government there are adopting linux, even though I don't like their government

  • I'm having a hard time resisting the urge to laugh my ass off at my workstation.

    There seem to be a few coherent views coming out here:

    1) China = communist = bad, ergo if the Chinese government likes Linux, this must be a bad thing.

    2) China = communist = bad, but that has nothing to do with Linux.

    3) China = big, ergo if Linux use is encouraged in China this must be a good thing.

    Now, some responses to those arguments:

    1) China != stupid. China contains its fair share of competent, capable people who make decisions based on the conditions as they see them. China is under pressure to reduce software piracy, at least in those sectors of the economy that they genuinely have control over. Linux comes without expensive licensing and can be copied freely. I doubt that any Linux user in China uses it for ideological reasons - the economic reasons are strong enough.

    2) China's political system and economic philosophy has little to do with anything. It isn't hard to find so-called capitalist nations that have controlled about as much of their economy and repressed just as many freedoms. This doesn't excuse China for anything, but it does make the communist vs. capitalist thing an old, tired joke that we would all be best off forgetting about. What reaction would see after a similar announcement by, say, the government of Saudi Arabia, a country at least as oppressive as China and far less considerate of its working class.

    3) Chinese market for computers != big. Maybe in the future the Chinese market will be so wealthy and large that its OS preferences make a major difference in the world. At the current growth rate, perhaps another 25 years will do it. In 25 years, God only knows what the computer industry will look like. I would be surprised if anything that much resembles Linux is still in use then. Until then, what OS China uses is of diminishingly little importance.

    As far as I can tell, this announcement of Linux as "offical OS of the PRC" is overblown far beyond any real significance. I still can't figure out exactly what it means - I suspect it means nothing. Calling it a lie strikes me as a knee-jerk response of someone too wrapped up in his own politics to look rationally at anything. People in China aren't going to stop stealing MS Office anytime soon, I assure you.

    Perhaps free software has an appeal to traditional Marxists for ideological reasons. It does to me. (I might call myself a Marxist, but only to people who I know will get pissed off because of it - few Marxists will actually have me.) "From each according to his ability, to each accroding to his need" strikes me as a better description of free software than any of the neolibertarian prattling I've heard. Certainly Marxism can be more easily twisted to explain free software than anarcho-capitalism can - as demonstrated by the logical somersaults of the open source libertarian right. But, it's probably pointless to debate the relative Marxism of Linux - Marx didn't write much about computers, so don't expect to find too much genuine insight in software development in Das Kapital.

    No, watching the reaction of /.'ers is by far the most amusing part of this. Some are so taken in by their ideology that even a victory among users becomes a loss when the users aren't politically correct. A few good old "eat the bourgoisie" revolutionary leftists are still around, and their reasons for liking free software get them flamed by the very same conservatives who complain about how those "damn liberals" keep imposing their political correctness on them.

    It's hard not to laugh. A word to the conservatives from an old-fashioned leftist: you are falling into the same trap that your hippie parents found. When you judge something for its ideological merits before you judge its utility, you will quickly find you've made fools of yourselves.
  • ESR does not speak for me on this. He can keep his libertarian politics and naive statements about communism to himself.



    So you support the mass murder of chinese citizens by their own government?

    He said that plenty of people approved of the ideals of marxist communism. But even those people don't see communist China as anything other than a rapacious, oppressive, and violent regime.

    Kintanon
  • by slim ( 1652 ) <johnNO@SPAMhartnup.net> on Thursday November 11, 1999 @03:09AM (#1543093) Homepage
    There I was, all prepared to slag off ESR for "presuming to speak for the whole Linux community", when he goes and apologises for it in advance.

    My only problem is the bit about the "repressive ideals of Communism".

    It's worth noting that there *are* *no* communist states in the world today, whatever they choose to call themselves. Every country which has tried to become communist, has ended up being something else. If you want to know why, read Animal Farm.

    ... and yeah, the Chinese Government sucks, and it'd do Linux a whole lot of harm if people in general thought that the average Linux hacker had any sympathies with them.
    --
  • Here's a Q for you:

    Who gave the orders?

    I believe it's pretty well documented that the KS incident involved panicking (poorly-trained, perhaps?) Nat'l Guardsmen under continual harrassment by the students -- that they were NOT earlier ordered to butcher anybody who stood in their way.

    The PRC can hardly claim that it's armored columns were panicking, or that they were moving on the Square at nighttime on a simple mission of containment.
  • by Szoup ( 61508 ) on Thursday November 11, 1999 @03:09AM (#1543096)
    ESR is hoping this is a hoax, as opposed to actually believing it is. Will he retract if it turns out to be true?

    His problem with China adopting Linux is purely political (which after reading the LinuxToday article is what I came away with). And though I don't disagree with his sentiment, I don't see that there's a way he can stop it from happening. There's no control group watchdogging Linux that can actually keep a specific customer (let alone an entire country) from using it.
    -------------------------------------------
  • Just because China likes Linux does _not_ mean that Linux is somehow intrisically communist. Most countries, including communist ones use almost entirely Windows, which doesn't make BillG a communist. Also, why does everyone think that just because _most_ communist ideals are mistaken, that they all are? Can't there be certain issues that communists and capitalists agree on, even if for different reasons? There is a line between communists and capitalists, but that line is not everywhere. Nice people are communists, nice people are capitalists. Bad people are communists, bad people are capitalists. Communists just don't understand the free market, and generally don't understand democracy, but that doesn't make everything they do eeeevil.
  • by Signal 11 ( 7608 ) on Thursday November 11, 1999 @03:11AM (#1543099)
    It does sound alittle fishy, doesn't it? But if it's true, ESR does not speak for me, nor I suspect alot of my fellow geeks. I'm all for anything that could get China moving towards a 'free' society more quickly. Using linux probably isn't going to spark a revolution out there, but it may open their citizen's eyes up alittle more to alternative ways to doing things. And in an ironic way, this is an admission by their government that they weren't 'on the ball' - they were afterall using Windows long after linux had been proven as a technically superior platform. The thought of freeing 1/6th of the world population in one fell swoop is enticing.. but if there's one thing I've learned about governments and societies it's that change occurs slowly. There will be no slashdot effect in China.

    --
  • by miscellaneous ( 14183 ) on Thursday November 11, 1999 @05:33AM (#1543101) Homepage
    1) People here who are saying that the PRC is not communist aren't (necessarily) doing it because they're communist{s/ sympathizers :)}. The fact is that about half of the PRC's GDP comes from the private sector, and that Deng XiaoPeng's "Socialism with Chinese Characteristics" isn't really...socialism, in a lot of ways. In China Wakes, Nicholas Krystof discusses this and ends up saying that the PRC is fascist, or authoritarian. Structurally and Economically speaking, "communist" just doesn't fit, except that in America, it's a catch-all for anything that's Bad(tm). See completely random usage of "that's so GAY," for corroborating case studies.

    2) Just because the PRC government is bad doesn't mean that the Chinese people are bad. Don't forget that.

    3) Things have changed a bit, i hear, since the bubble bu...sort of deflated, but from what i've heard, most of the people in the PRC don't currently give a crap about the government one way or the other. They will, I'd bet money on it, but right now they don't.

    4) General Pinochet was our friend. The guy(s) in Guatemala were our friends. Suharto was our friend. With friends like that, where the fuck do you find the moral standing to say who is your enemy?

  • In this message [lwn.net] Eric Raymond writes that a story about China adopting Linux as its official OS is a fraud. It is a fraud, and Eric is functioning appropriately as a spokesperson within the free software community when he says so. Eric's been doing a pretty good job lately, and I appreciate that. Unfortunately, Eric writes:
    It may be too much to hope that this statement will head off a flurry of snide opinion pieces divagating about "open-source communism"; the clumsy rhetoric of some of our past ambassadors may have made that outcome inevitable.
    Experienced observers in the free software community will note that Eric can't help engaging in one of his favorite pastimes, taking a jab at Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation. The problem with this is that Stallman is emphaticaly not a communist. In Stallman's own words: Karl Marx didn't invent helping your neighbor. It's true, however, that references to communism are often used to discredit many of the best things about community spirit. We don't want to see that strategy used against Linux, but Eric engages in that himself by deprecating Stallman in his China message, a message in which he deliberately takes on the mantle of speaking for the entire community. That's unfortunate.

    In order to deflect talk of Linux being a "communist enterprise", we need to be clear about the relationship of Free Software (Open Source) to communism. Free software does create a "commons": a sort of publicly-owned property, collectively maintained for the good of all. Karl Marx didn't invent that either, it's a critical aspect of every community, and most capitalistic enterprises would wither without a publicly-owned infrastructure to support them. Consider, for example, that money is part of that infrastructure. That's the message I'd like to carry to the press: having a commons, helping our neighbors, and protecting our freedoms should not be equated to communism.

    Thanks

    Bruce Perens

  • by twit ( 60210 ) on Thursday November 11, 1999 @05:36AM (#1543113) Homepage
    If that's your definition of communism (that the government runs all and owns all), then China hasn't been communist since the late seventies. The PRC has allowed private ownership of property and private economic ventures since at least that time, and probably before (remember "to grow rich is glorious"?).

    If you look at history, you'll see that communism turned out to be a particularly bad idea. But if you looked at the 19th century, you'd come to the same conclusion about capitalism. Don't forget that communism was a reaction to the horrors of the industrial-capitalist state. No doubt libertarianism, especially the objectivist strains, is a reaction to the horrors of the communist state. I don't hold any great hopes for libertarian utopias, however.

    I think that you misunderstand the central concepts of communism. The ruling class is supposed to govern for the benefit of the working class (the workers are presumably the bulk of the population). The benefit or ill of individual citizens is secondary to the "big picture" and the good of the masses. Dissolving and collectively owning property is the means to the end, which is a government for the people; a state without individual property is presumably a state of peers (this is demonstrably false, but is rarely pointed out) with interests in common.

    Chinese and Russian communism started out on what Marx would consider the absolute wrong foot - agrarian economies, where they had to appeal to small landholders and tenant farmers, and had to go through the process of accumulating capital to industrialize - and it goes without saying that communism is probably the worst system for accumulating capital. With ongoing industrialization, they created further class distinctions. Perhaps they did it better than the nineteenth-century western economies, and perhaps not, but it certainly wasn't pretty and the result isn't pretty.

    As for ESR, I think that he should get his knee looked at. It's perfectly possible to indulge in volunteerism in a communist society; it's perfectly possible to indulge in volunteerism in a capitalist society, too. (Of course, in Eric's libertarian-anarchist political ramblings, there's nothing but volunteerism). Still, volunteerism is whollly tangential to developing in an open-source environment; the point is, and always was, to promote further and faster development for the sake of development and developers rather than venture capitalists and entrepreneurs.


    --
  • To my knowledge, which isn't much about how the communist governments gained control (been years since I studied that), they didn't follow Marx's guideline. Marx said that the prolotariates would rise up, create a "prolotariate dictatorship," and then communism would come about. Which basicly means Marx never thought much at all on the whole 'how will Communism emerge' nor did he really explain how it would work. Mostly, Marx just explained faily accurately history in terms of economics and the eploitation of the working class.

    So, I'm not sure if these communist nations should be called true communism, or thought of in conjunction to Marxian communism.
  • Before you are so hasty to bash the Chinese, remember that they didn't elect their own government. I think that it's good ( for the Chinese people ) that the government there are adopting linux, even though I don't like their government




    Nowhere in my statement was any derogetory remark about the chinese people. My statement referred specifically to the actions of the chinese government. Elected or not makes no difference. The US government is elected yet we still disapprove of things they do to the citizens.

    Kintanon
  • Actually countries like China have a nasty reputation for disregarding all copyright laws for intellectual property,

    So did the US, until 1976.

    Many books were copied in the US and the author lost all rights to them, simply because of the US's strange pre-Berne copyright laws.

  • My points:
    • I made a mistake
    • It is GNU/Linux


    Propaganda? Or supporting a statement. The world may never know...

    ***Beginning*of*Signiture***
    Linux? That's GNU/Linux [gnu.org] to you mister!
  • Maybe China came to it's sense's after we sent them ZDnet and Microsoft .Sending those two over there was punishment enough.Lets send ESR next.
  • But it is a very simple issue:

    if random manager A is trying to look for a platform to use for his big departmental rollout, and he is considering Linux and Windows w/o really understanding Linux that well (can we all believe that a manager might misunderstand? ;-) this issue _may_ make him choose windows.

    No, not because he will go "ewww Commie folk bad, die die!" but for a variety of more complicated reasons:

    The credibility of Linux is not enhanced by the PRC's alleged decision; rather than taking comfort that a country of 1+ billion's government is adopting linux, the manager may recall that the chinese government has a penchant for making these sorts of decisions not based on the merits of the issue, but based on ideological concerns. He may then recall the various ideological movements surrounding linux and could very well decide that linux is largely being touted for its philosophical purity, and as that is not a priority of his, discard it in favor of windows.

    There are enough Linux users who ARE akin to the PRC government in terms of their fervor, and the entire FSF _does_ tout Linux primarily for ideological concerns. Indeed the merits-based approach ESR and the OSI have used have garnered them ridicule from RMS for precisely that reason. (that there was little to no mention of the ideological reasons for adopting Linux...)

    -RS
    We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars --Oscar Wilde
  • ... well not as bad as they're made out to be. China *has* changed somewhat since Tianamen, and they are not constantly massaccaring their people. While their human rights are not terribly good, they are not substantially worse than several other countries ( including several governments supported by the US ), and to single them out for criticism *while* holding up the US as a shining example of human rights is mildly hypocritical.

    Read the amnesty international reports for China and compare them with other developing countries in Asia (or better, the arab nations ), and decide for yourself whether they are substantially different from the others.

  • So the price of free software is: People I don't like shouldn't say nice things about it.

    Is Joey Mcarthy back?! Is Eric afraid of being called a red. Hmm, one of those might be true.

    Who cares if it becomes the choice OS for serial killers or haibitual shoplifers. Its software. The worst press is can receive is people like ESR who turn computers into politcal pawns. Eric makes it sound like Pol Pot himself came over and killed a few people with a Linux floppy.

    You may dislike the PRC for x amount of reasons, but their OS shouldn't be one of them.

  • Someone moderated that message (#11) as Off Topic? It's a direct cricisism of the leading article, containing a direct quote and a comment on the quote. I wouldn't have considered it off-topic. I wouldn't call that moderator abuse, but it's probably careless moderation.

    Thanks

    Bruce

  • I don't quite agree with ESR's position, because he seems to mungle up what freedom is. If he only kept to a definition, like the one in the dictionary, and didn't say that x was free (but in y way) and z is free, but bad because its to free, and everything else can be free or not but are totally evil. That's my take on his view of open source / published licenses, and it gets really annoying.

    Then, since he's been accepted by someone as a major figure in the open source community (where as he can only, if at all, speak for the GPL community), he incorperates his views of society in with this stuff. I don't want his politics, especially when so many believe it represents me. He's a member of the Libertarian party, which on its goals sounds good, but in its implentations, i.e. no income tax, is bent on improving the situation of the wealthy. It wishes to fix things through the private business and not government programs. Look at American history, those programs came about because private business either refused to provide them or used them soley for exploitation.

    His remarks on social structures are generally absurd and disgusting. I tried asking him once why he states, in a manner of under all extremes socialism is evil and equal to facism, whereas if you read on the material (i.e., Marx for understanding, John Stuart Mill for comparisions, ideas, structures, etc), that's a misleading statement its sickening. Yet, this is thrusted onto me because he supposedly represents me. His views of freedom are only those that make him more successful, not those that make mankind better.

    If the choice was for ESR to continue to support the open source (correction, the GPL) movement, while forcing his politics to be known and thereby be thought to trickle down to me, and in doing so demean and degrade anyone who opposes his views, or nothing at all - I'd choose nothing. I'm free to have my own opinions, my own beliefs and causes, and so is Raymond. I merely don't believe he accepts my freedom if it collides with his political goals.
  • In talking about ESRs principles I over-stepped my own principles. I turned it personal. I was speaking about the Open Source movement and fingered out ESR instead. I regret this.

    But you take it too far!

    You're saying that ESR is a money-grubbing phony trying to spread Linux

    money-grubbing? I never said that. I never implied that (it could possibly be interpreted by my "big business buddies" comment; that was my mistake).

    (and no, I don't preface it with GNU, GNU stuff can be used on any OS and isn't unique to Linux)

    No no no. You don't get it. GNU IS the operating system. Linux is not an operating system, it is a kernal. But Linux is not GNU software so we call the system GNU/Linux, that is the GNU operating system plus the Linux kernal.

    Think of what we use that are part of the GNU system:
    • GNU Emacs - the text editor
    • GNU Cross Compiler - the compiler
    • GNU libc - the C library
    • GNU elvis - another text editor
    • GNU Bash - command shell
    • GNU Midnight Commander - a command shell thing
    • GNU Window Maker - window manager
    • GNUStep - desktop enviroment
    • GNOME and all the apps - desktop enviroment
    • Much much more... see the GNU software page [gnu.org] for a more complete list.


    The FSF has been coding the GNU OS for 15 years now. Without GNU there would be no Linux, no KDE, no 'Open Source' movement, no Red Hat, Debian, or Mandrake. Without GNU, you would be using Windows right now. Linux is a great kernal. But Linux is smaller part of the whole system. We call this operating system GNU.

    ***Beginning*of*Signiture***
    Linux? That's GNU/Linux [gnu.org] to you mister!
  • by Pascal Q. Porcupine ( 4467 ) on Thursday November 11, 1999 @03:12AM (#1543196) Homepage
    He obviously has communism and fascism confused. Granted, there are fascist aspects of any communist government, but the Chinese government is a pretty good example, all things considered, of a large-scale communism. Yes, the voluntary aspects are forced upon people, but it's to the point that the people embrace it as their only way of life. I recommend reading the old Doonesbury [doonesbury.com] strips from when Duke was an emmissary to China for a rather accurate (as far as I know, anyway - I'm not Chinese nor have I ever lived in China) portrayal of the Chinese government and the popular American conception of it.

    ESR certainly doesn't speak for me. He has no right to claim that he speaks for me. I was all for the idea of China adopting Linux as an official OS, and it also makes sense, considering that GNU/Linux is the current choice of Richard Stalin^H^Hlman. (I don't mean that as a slur, either. I'm a pinko leftie communist at heart. :)

    ESR needs to realize that not everyone in the free software movement is an opensource libertarian.
    ---
    "'Is not a quine' is not a quine" is a quine.

  • "It may be too much to hope that this statement will head off a flurry of snide opinion
    pieces divagating about "open-source communism"; the clumsy rhetoric of some of our
    past ambassadors may have made that outcome inevitable."


    ... so he couldn't resist getting some RMS-bashing in. And he complains about snideness in others !?!
    --

  • by Amphigory ( 2375 ) on Thursday November 11, 1999 @03:12AM (#1543201) Homepage
    Look guys... I really think this whole China/Linux thing is a non-issue. First, I agree with ESR that the story is probably mistaken at best and most probably fraudulent. But what if it is true? So what! Who cares?

    Linux is not about politics. It's not about communism, democracy, monarchism, or even libertarianism. Yes, many Linux developers and users have strong views on these subjects. I have strong views myself. But that's not what Linux is about.

    Linux is about technology. It's about the freedom to use the best technology available, and if what's available is not the best, improve it until it is the best. If China chooses to use Linux, so be it! I think it's great: a billion+ people who use Linux as their default OS? Are you kidding me? This is great!

    We don't need to get involved in the politics. Using an OS is not a political statement. And I think the best thing for us to do is to totally ignore this. Why waste our time, energy, and ideology arguing about something that doesn't really matter and we couldn't change even if we wanted to?

    Worse, to the extent that you get involved in the politics you will lose focus on the technology. Don't you think there's a good reason why Linus tries to remain aloof from all this kind of stuff?

  • "My only problem is the bit about the "repressive ideals of Communism"."

    True, there are no true communist states in the world today. Nonetheless, we can look to Marx, Engels, Lenin and Mao for examples of "repressive ideals". There is one, big, huge repressive ideal that makes me reject the whole of communism and socialism.

    Subordination of the individual. Under communism/socialism, the group is more important than the individual. Put another way for those that don't see anything wrong with this, communism supports the majority over the minority. Incidentally, I don't like pure democracy for exactly the same reason.

    If communism/socialism is done voluntarily, as demonstrated by certain US communal societies (Amana, Oneida, Kaweah, Shakers, etc), then there is no problem with it because it's still individuals making choices. But when a government steps in and tries to mandates communism/socialism, then things start getting screwed up big time. (There are governments today that call themselves "socialist", but this is a different socialism than advocated by Marx)
  • No matter that such official Chinese government sponsorship might add a quarter of the planet's population to our user base; if this is "world domination", we'll want none of it.

    I find this statement outrageous, esp. from ESR who coined the term OpenSource as a non-political substitute for "free software" and now abuses his (btw. well earned) authority to air his personal political views as those of us all.

    I for one have no problem if one quarter of the planet's population embraces Linux instead of using a non-free OS (and readily exported commercial US product, I might add) and that ESR blatantly denies them their right to do so is an insult, not only for the Chinese people, but for every programmer who wrote free software as a gift to all people under the premise that it shall be used, distributed and improved in a free manner by everyone who wishes to do so.

    Don't get me wrong, I also feel pity for all the victims of the Chinese dictatorship, but I also think that free software is a better means of spreading the idea of freedom than dogmatic cold-war reflexes and in the (IMHO very unlikely) case that this is not a hoax, at least for one time, the Chinese government had showed more mental flexibilty than ESR's anti-communist rant.
  • by jd ( 1658 ) <`imipak' `at' `yahoo.com'> on Thursday November 11, 1999 @03:14AM (#1543215) Homepage Journal
    But I feel that he is letting his own political views get in the way, in this instance. There is nothing inherently clashing between the Chinese interpretation of the communist doctorine and the Open Source concept, simply because the two don't relate.

    There's far more potential for clashes between capitalist America, with it's ideals of profit, personal gain and personal success, yet America has no issue with Open Source at all. Indeed, many companies (IBM, Hewlett Packard, Netscape, Intel, Creative Labs, Corel, etc) have dived whole-heartedly into the entire Open Source movement.

    In the end, you can ALWAYS interpret Open Source principles in such a way as to agree with your own personal political and/or theological viewpoint, and you can ALWAYS make use of Open Source to advance yourself, no matter what you believe or where you are.

    To argue that China "can't" adopt Open Source is as ludicrous as claiming IBM would never release the code to it's Java compiler. Sorry, but if IBM can see past it's prejudices, to take advantage of an emerging philosophy, so can anyone else.

    IMHO, it's more important and more useful to debate -whether- something is happening, than to argue blindly that it can't be.

  • Given our well-known affection for the popular media including the trade rags, we all know that they're going to pounce upon the wackiest views around and associate them with the Linux people.

    So it is annoying that ESR has to highlight his opinions about gun control, or communism, or whatever non-Linux, and oft times, Linux views.

    Of course, many people do not like the political scene in China. But, we do not want ESRs views on it, especially linking politics and software for no real reason.
  • I'm not going to defend the People's Republic of China, a lot of their actions are indefensible. What I find highly annoying are political statements like "principles of the PRC are incompatible with the voluntary cooperation that is the spirit of the Open Source movement." It's great that ESR has an opinion and finds the PRC's track record reprehensible but to say that its incompatible with Open Source seems disingenious at best.

    The incompatibility with voluntary cooperation would mean that Open Source software shouldn't be used by or in corporations as most definately are not about voluntary cooperation. So if he's going to condemn the PRC's use of Open Source software for being contrary to voluntary cooperation then he should also condemn IBM, SGI, Dell and anybody else who has recently jumped on the Open Source bandwagon. Sure, the mentioned companies haven't run over students with tanks, but thats not even what he seems to have referred to in his rant.

    I'd also state that he has to openly rebuke a lot of the more vocal members of the Open Source community. Voluntary cooperation? A lot of people support piracy or leaked code as a means to an ends. That isn't voluntary cooperation.
  • "We tend to believe that Microsoft is an evil empire, and it didn't get there with the government's help. The classic monopolies all came from unregulated markets..."

    Gee, I bet you learned that in a government-owned school ;-)

    Seriously, though. If you get to the root of it, corporations cannot exist without official government approval. A corporation is a legal entity recognized by governments, that have distinct rights from individuals. This legal fiction allows the owners to avoid personal and individual responsibility for their actions.

    Microsoft is a corporation. It could not exist without the official approval of the Washington State and US Federal Governments. If Bill Gates had to compete on his own without the extra legal protections that incorporating gave him, it is extremely doubtful that he could have done it. And if he had done exactly the same actions as an individual that gave MS Corporation a 90% market share, he would have been thrown in jail or sued up the wazoo years ago.

    Let Billy Boy play by the exact same rules as you or I, and there's no way he can create a monopoly off of a shoddy product.
  • First, Americans did not kill millions of Native peoples. Smallpox did that
    Dislocation and concentration of the native population was a great contributor to the spread of disease, and there were incidents of deliberate infection by contaminated blankets, etcetera.

    Of course, that's just on top of all the American Indians who will killed by more traditional means.

    None of which is meant to excuse any actions of the Chinese government, which currently has a much worse human rights record than the USA. But the USA can and should be doing much better - for starters, our foreign policy is often abysmal on human rights issues, we have the largest prison population (real number and per capita) in the world, and we are just about the only developed nation where the government claims the right to murder its own citizens.

  • GNU propaganda :)

    You have a good point though. I'll cut it out. I just had to get something out of my system.

    ***Beginning*of*Signiture***
    Linux? That's GNU/Linux [gnu.org] to you mister!
  • The German Workers' Party name was changed by Hitler to include the
    term National Socialist.
    Thus the full name was the National Socialist German Workers' Party
    Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP)
    called for short, Nazi.
    By the end of 1920 it had about three thousand members.

    While the victims of the Nazi Holocaust are continuing to receive
    their just place in history, it is important to note that they are
    not the only victims of mass murder. A far greater holocaust was
    committed by those supposedly working in the name of all humanity,
    rather than those working in the name of the "master race." This is
    the Red Holocaust, committed by socialist dictators from Stalin to Mao
    to Pol Pot. Their victims have not yet received their full measure of
    remembrance, those who supported these dictators have not yet received
    their full measure of disgust.

    The crimes are immense in scale and in magnitude. The USSR was founded
    on a basis of mass murder and deliberate starvation: the Russian Civil
    War, the Red Terror and the Reds' forced confiscation of food from the
    peasants, lead to millions of deaths. This was prior to Stalin: upon his
    succession, he began to use the security apparatus in order to arrest
    and kill people on a virtually random basis. Much like the factories
    under central planning, the security organs had quotas to fulfill:
    one of the artifacts to have survived the era shows that Stalin drew
    up lists of each region, with two categories. One category would
    indicate imprisonment, going to the slave labour camps. The other
    category would indicate immediate death. Stalin often would put notations
    on the list, such as "A further 6,000 for the Krasondar region,"
    with a stroke of the pen, wiping out a further 6,000 lives.

    It was believed among top communists that there was a certain percentage
    of the population that opposed the regime and had to be done away with.
    But in typical communist fashion, this was not something that could be
    left to the discretion of low level cadre. After all, iron, steel, pigs,
    wheat production, and virtually everything else economically had to be
    defined by a quota to assure that lower level cadre were guided in their
    work.

    It may be utterly incomprehensible to those outside such a totalitarian
    system that such cadre were also given quotas of people to murder, but
    it was consistent with the idea of central planning and control.

    From Moscow NKVD (a predecessor to the KGB) headquarters an order would go
    out to some small towns or villages to kill so many "enemies of the people,"
    and soon enough the local henchmen would report back that the task was
    completed.

    That such orders would be given is incredible enough. That the local
    official would obey them is unbelievable. Why did "quite ordinary decent
    human beings, with a normal hatred of injustice and cruelty" carry out
    these merciless purges and executions? Simple: through sweating, trembling,
    fear. Consider what Vladimir and Evdokia Petrov, in their book appropriately
    titled Empire of Fear, wrote about what a friend, who is called M-, said of
    his experience,

    as an N.K.V.D. official in a country town in the Novo-Sibirsk region. The
    number of victims demanded by Moscow from this town was five hundred.
    M-went through all the local dossiers, and found nothing but trivial
    offenses recorded. But Moscow?s requirements were implacable; he was
    driven to desperate measures. He listed priests and their relatives;
    he put down anyone who was reported to have spoken critically about
    conditions in the Soviet Union; it was more than M-'s life was worth
    not to fulfill his quota. He made up his list of five hundred enemies
    of the people, had them quickly charged and executed and reported to
    Moscow: "Task accomplished in accordance with your instructions."

    M-...detested what he had to do. He was by nature a decent, honest,
    kindly man. He told me the story with savage resentment. Years
    afterwards its horror and injustice lay heavy on his conscience.

    But M- did what he was ordered. Apart from a man's ordinary desire
    to remain alive, M- had a mother, a father, a wife and two children.

    Throughout this period Stalin was particularly concerned about Ukrainian
    nationalism and their opposition to collectivization. This was a major
    reason for Ukrainian opposition to Moscow and a source of support for
    Ukrainian exiles abroad planning for an independent Ukraine, and being
    given aid to that end by Nazi Germany. One strong base for this opposition
    was the peasant. In the early 1930s Stalin created a famine. He blockaded
    the Ukraine and would not let food in, and he sent cadre on systematic
    forays against the peasants to uncover any food they might be hiding.
    Even warm bread was taken off peasants tables and seed grain for the
    next planting was expropriated; dogs and cats were shot.
    About 5,000,000 Ukrainians died from hunger and disease as a result.

    But, there was another source of nationalism, its culture-carriers.
    The communists therefore shot Ukrainian writers, historians and composers,
    Ukrainian officials too considerate of the Ukraine; and even itinerant,
    blind folk singers. Those with "bourgeoisie sensitivities" might find the
    following from the memoirs of composer Dmitri Shostakovich to have its own
    chilling horror.

    Since time immemorial, folk singers have wandered along the roads of the
    Ukraine....they were always blind and defenseless people, but no one ever
    touched or hurt them. Hurting a blind man-what could be lower?

    And then in the mid thirties the First All-Ukrainian Congress of Lirniki
    and Banduristy [folk singers] was announced, and all the folk singers had
    to gather and discuss what to do in the future. "Life is better, life is
    merrier." Stalin had said. The blind men believed it. They came to the
    congress from all over the Ukraine, from tiny, forgotten villages. It was
    a living museum, the country's living history. All its songs, all its music
    and poetry. And they were shot, all those pathetic blind men killed.

    Why was done?...here were these blind men, walking around singing songs
    of dubious content. The songs weren't passed by the censors. And what
    kind of censorship can you have with blind men? You can't hand a blind
    man a corrected and approved text and you can't write him an order either.
    You have to tell everything to a blind man. That takes too long. And you
    can't file away a piece of paper, and there's no time anyway.
    Collectivization. Mechanization. It was easier to shoot them.
    And so they did.

    Turning now to communist China, its Cultural Revolution during the 1960s
    was a tumultuous period. The communist party was split between those who
    supported Mao?s desire to continue the glorious communist revolution
    and those who were more pragmatic, the so called "capitalist roaders."
    No one could be neutral in the bloody conflict for power between these
    two groups. Military units fought each other, even with cannon and tanks;
    students waged pitched battles with machine guns and grenades given them
    by military sympathizers. The victors in one battle or another would then
    systematically purge the opposition, subjecting them to torture and mass
    execution. How many died in this internal conflagration cannot be counted.

    In this struggle, Mao and his supporters could trust no intellectual or
    scientist of any sort, especially in the governing of any organization.
    For this reason it was customary in these years to put fanatical communist
    radicals, regardless of their lack of experience or knowledge of their job,
    in charge of universities, schools, scientific institutes, hospitals,
    and intellectual associations of one sort or another. Consider the following
    experience related by a Chinese scientist when Shan Guizhang, a fanatic and
    ignorant radical, was appointed to head one of China's most prestigious of
    institutes, the Institute of Optics and Precision Instruments in Changchun.

    Now Shan had read Tales of the Plum Flower Society, a spy thriller about an
    entirely fictional effort to break a Kuomintang espionage network in the
    Academy of Sciences. The chief Kuomintang agent was named Peng Jiamu,
    also a name, unfortunately, of a real scientist working at the institute.
    Incredibly, Shan believed that scientist Peng was in fact the real life
    spy in the book. So, fully understandable in the context of the "Cultural
    Revolution," Shan had 166 scientists at the institute arrested as spies,
    along with local accountants, policemen, workers, and even nursery
    attendants. Some were beaten to death; some others committed suicide.
    Sufficient proof of spying was the existence of a radio or camera at
    home or the ability of a person to speak a foreign language. After thus
    purging the institute of these "spies," Shan was promoted to a provincial
    Party committee.

    In China, millions suffered and died because of Mao Tse-Tung's ideas.
    Like the Great Leap Forward of 1958: totally unrealistic food production
    quotas were created. Production figures were thus falsified. Under the
    delusion that the country had plenty of food, Mao demanded that the people
    make steel. They did, often using homemade furnaces. The steel, of course,
    was worthless, the country had not been growing food while producing steel,
    and the result was a massive famine.

    It was the same as the total suppression of the agricultural free market
    by the Soviets, an identical gigantic human experiment with productivity
    by command. Unwilling to learn from these disastrous results, blinded by
    their love of Marxism, the Chinese communists did the same thing once they
    had gained complete control over mainland China and had prepared their
    peasants. Within a few years all land and farms were taken over by the
    government, collectives called communes were built, and all farmers
    became, in effect, not only factory workers, but forced conscripts
    in a national agricultural army. In many communes they lived in
    dormitories, woke to bugles, ate their food in mess halls, and lined up
    after breakfast to be marched off with flags flying to carry out their
    group tasks and meet the communes quota.

    This was true communism. It was the dream of those who believed that
    government could build a society to improve the lot of the poor and
    feed the needy. Here was total reconstruction, the revolution for
    which Mao tse-tung had worked and fought. Of course, what this meant
    was that those communist officials put in charge of a commune or
    agricultural region, could not afford to underfill their quotas.
    All, thus, exceeded them and food production soared. China was
    becoming an agriculturally rich country. The experiment had worked,
    or so it seemed to the government and to well wishers abroad. But all
    these statistics were a sham. They were only on paper.

    The actual results were absolutely disastrous. Catastrophic.
    Men, women, and children starved to death in the communes and fields,
    in the villages and towns, and cities. While food production records
    were being broken the emaciated bodies began to pile up and soon their
    numbers, even to top party rulers, became undeniable. By 1962 the worst
    famine in world history was underway.

    How many died in this is much in dispute. There are figures as high as
    40,000,000 dead. A well documented estimate is 27,000,000. If we take
    this figure as close to the actual number, it is as though the total
    population of Canada had starved to death in two or three years.

    Beyond that, the Cultural Revolution, which took off during 1966 and finally
    screeched to a halt with the death of Mao in 1976, involved young people
    continuing to beat, threaten, terrorise those in positions in power --
    specifically, those in positions of power who stood opposed to Mao's radical
    ideas. Red Guards, students who had mobilised in the name of Mao, killed
    those they considered "capitalists" and when doctrinaire disputes burst
    out, each other.

    Pol Pot created the setting for the "Killing Fields." It was the "year Zero"
    and random murder was part of creating the new society. Cambodia is still
    coming to terms with the Khmer Rouge and their crimes, though Pol Pot
    himself is thankfully dead.

    This is but a sample of the crimes committed in the name of socialism.
    We must not forget those imprisoned or killed in Eastern Europe. There
    are the martyrs of East Germany and Poland in 1953, the freedom fighters
    who fought for Hungary's freedom in 1956, the Czech protesters squashed
    by Soviet power in 1968, the brave members of Solidarity suppressed in
    1980-1981, and we should not allow ourselves to forget those shot trying
    to cross the Berlin Wall.

    Socialism in other parts of the world has been just as murderous. There was
    the Red Terror in Ethiopia, under Halie Mariam Mengistu. Angola and
    Mozambique were torn to shreds by Communist movements, often with the
    help of the Soviet Union and satellite states. There has been murderous
    Red repression in Nicaragua and Cuba.

    In short, wherever communism was tried, it meant murder, terror,
    repression and the subjugation of the individual by the state. Yet
    this world wide holocaust, whose estimated dead range from 100 million
    to upwards of 150 million, is barely remembered.

    The primary reason for this lack of remembrance is the connivance of
    Western socialists. The ideas which they advocate: that the state can be
    the primary agent for change and ensuring equality in society, their
    contempt for the individual and their total unwillingness to allow
    individuals freedom are strikingly similar in form, if not in content
    to what the Red murderers wished. As sympathy for socialism exists in
    all important institutions in the West, from government to academia,
    it has been difficult to clear the air about the crimes from the Left,
    certainly a far more difficult struggle than detailing the crimes of Nazi
    Germany.

    However this struggle should not be abandoned. It is necessary that the
    millions who have died are remembered; what happened was a warning.

    If we forget it, it will only open the door for the nightmare happening
    again in the new millennium.

    That ESR would not want to be in any way associated with these Butchers
    is well taken.
  • Actually, I was also worried that he would make some rash and insulting statement, but he seems to be behaving himself today. :) I couldn't find fault with anything he said. A bit extreme, to be sure, but China does have an oppressive, totalitarian regime.

    I actually have to commend him in that he didn't take this obvious oportunity to start spouting insulting nonsense about the evils of communism/socialism.

    --GnrcMan--
  • I knew this would happen. A reasoned discussion begins to divagate and the next thing you know, divagation is everywhere.

    I sickens me, but I digress.
  • While it might be ironic that some countries like that would choose Linux...look at it this way: it can't hurt. In fact, it can only help. Hopefully people will embrace the free (in both senses) nature of Linux and Open Source and the FSF's ideals, and demand the same from their government.
  • There is a huge, gaping hole where your knowledge of the feudalistic and oppressive Chinese emperors (and the powers behind the throne) should have been.

    Oh, and remember to smile when the WoD "cops" break down your door in their hunt for drug users.



    As oppressive as feudal china was I must adjust my statement somewhat. China is just as oppresive as anytime in the last 200 years, while the US has made decent strides towards less oppression.

    And when the Cops break down my door they better damn well have knocked politely and shown me a search warrant first, or they'll be facing the business end of a large arsenal of weapons.

    Kintanon
  • Between the ideas behind open source & free software, and the claimed ideology behind Communist China. It is only tangential, but I can see a so-called "communist" country claiming that they are much the same for exactly the same reasons that opponents of open source & free software call it "a bunch of commie tripe."

    When I heard Communist China wanted to make Linux their official distro on "ideological grounds" I laughed out loud. The thought of _anything_ being freely distributable in that country is ludicrous. They would immediately restrict the distribution of any distro they settled on, and would probably be scanning the comments in the code to weed out anything that would be considered detrimental to their sovereign state.

    Free Software is a concept wherein individuals contribute code to a community of programmers and users. In the world of free software, while it is not impossible for a single individual or group to profit from such a contribution, the overall effect is that the entire body of programmers and users within the software community benefit overall from individual contributions, and is a bit harder for an individual to profit singly from such a contribution.

    This is, in fact, _very_ close to _some_ of the ideals behind Marx's communism, and by extension Communist China. The main difference is that Communist China, while professing these ideals, is ruled by a dictatorial body that comes down ruthlessly and fatally on _anyone_ who opposes them. They are, in effect, not a "communist" government at all -- they are state socialism to the core, and in their grim pursuit of whatever it is they think they're upholding, they murder without remorse.

    On the other hand, I could post on Slashdot and say "I think ESR/RMS/CmdrTaco/Whoever is a single-celled idiot" and while I might get moderated down and find a lot of flames crowding my in-box, I doubt very much that the jack-booted thugs would come a-pounding on my door.

    Free Software is not communism, because communism is an ideology rooted the historical develeopment of _government_ and _economics_. However, Free Software has a lot in common with _anarchism_, which shares _some_ of communism's ideology and terminology (since many of their more formal concepts were formed at the same time, and Marx and Bakunin -- an anarchist "leader" -- were contemporaries).

    I don't know that I really consider ESR's response to be "authoritive" -- it sounds much to knee-jerk for that -- but I also feel that Communism and Open Source/Free Software have little, very little, to do with each other.
  • ...that Eric saw fit to denounce totalitarianism on behalf of all of us. I, for one, was walking around the office all day yesterday to comments like "Hey... Linux user! Free Tibet, you comsymp bastard!" Now, thanks to Eric's comments, no one can say that to me anymore. Close shave, though... I look forward to similar denunciations each time someone We Don't Like decides to adopt Linux. I, for one, am looking forward to Eric squaring off against the likes of Bo Gritz or some similarly psychotic right-wing reactionary luminary who decides Open Source Software is the way forward to the republic of white, agrarian freeholders envisoned by Thomas Jefferson and company.

    I also hope that Eric continues, in the midst of offering to speak for all of us, to make his gratuitous swipes at "past ambassadors" and their comsymp ways. We're much better represented by someone who keeps on top of this stuff for us and makes sure that, above all, everyone knows that we ain't no steenkin' commies.
    ------------
    Michael Hall
    mphall@cstone.nospam.net

  • ...like it's a return to McCarthyism! Just listen to what he has to say:

    "Any "identification" between the values of the open-source community and the repressive practices of Communism is nothing but a vicious and cynical fraud..."

    "I am certain that even that minority would
    not care to be associated with the totalitarian and murderous government of Communist China..."

    "But the prospect of being "identified" with the bloody-handed gerontocrats behind the Tianamen Squaremassacre would be, I believe, genuinely revolting and insulting to all of us."

    Apparently, he's not blowing steam at all at Linux here, but rather, as he put it, "Open-Source Communism." Truth be told, he looks like just another Communist hater, caught "Red Handed."
    • ESR does not speak for me on this. He can keep his libertarian politics and naive statements about communism to himself.

    I agree.

    This is the darkside of having noted spokespeople for "the movement" like ESR. On the one hand, it gives the lazy media a direction to push a microphone, but the problem is that these people tend to start to believe that they actually represent someone other than themselves.

    If a commercial concern pays someone to work on Linux is this "incompatible with the voluntary cooperation that is the spirit of the Open Source movement"?

    I think RMS has it right. It's all about freedom. Freedom to do with the code what you want and be certain that any derivitives are available so that nobody can close off a branch of development based on your work. This freedom extends even to the rulers of China.

  • by lance_link ( 97462 ) on Thursday November 11, 1999 @03:23AM (#1543276)
    I wonder how all those Guatemalans, Columbians, Nicaraguans, Salvadorans, Peruvians, Bolivians, Chileans, Argentines, Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laotians, Indonesians, Timorese, Iranians, Iraqis, Haitians, Angolans, Congolese, Zairians--the list could go on a lot longer--who've been murdered at the behest of (if not by) the US in the name of anticommu^W corporate profits would view ESR's righteous sniffings about "freedom, increased choice, and *voluntary* cooperation." He might try reading Michael McClintock's _Instruments of Statecraft_ [amazon.com] or Mark Danner's _Massacre at El Mozote_ [amazon.com] before pontificating on the subject of human rights again.
  • Also, why does everyone think that just because _most_ communist ideals are mistaken, that they all are?

    Care to show us some correct ones?

    Communists just don't understand the free market, and generally don't understand democracy, but that doesn't make everything they do eeeevil.

    Think about it for a bit. Not understanding the free market basically means that all companies belong to the government and everybody is an employee of the government, plus the government tells each company what to produce, how, and when. This has been shown to be a very bad idea. Not understanding democracy means that there are some guys in power who don't really care what the population thinks and are quite willing to use force (from tanks to jail terms) to suppress those who disagree with them.

    Yes, communists are not intrinsically evil in that joining the Communist Party does not make horns grow out of your head. But if you look at history, you'll see that communism turned out to be a particularly bad idea.

    Kaa
  • This is BS.

    Kintanon's comments are naive.

    Nobody is saying they approve mass murder.

    Every super-power does it (AFAIK The US hasn't done mass murder on it's citizens, ignoring the Branch Davidians as debatable, since they almost wiped out the Native Americans). Oh yes They were not citizens.

    But, the fact that your victims are your citizens or someone elses should not matter.

    So:
    We should have nothing to do with the U$A because of:
    The millions of Vietnamese they massacred.
    The hundreds of thousands of Iraqis they massacred.
    The violations of sovereignty in Grenada and Panama.
    The dirty wars against Nicaragua (a democracy at the time!) Cuba, New Zealand (not well known but I live in Aotearoa, so I know about that).
    The American complicity in the invasion of and genocide in East Timor.

    Ok. Lets boycott China (Tibet is as good an excuse as any) or Russia (Chechnya) or (insert world powers name here) but lets also boycott the U$A.

    Kintanon, get off the grass! Once you start saying one state is so awful that you do not want to deal with it, it is just a matter of degree for *all* states.



    Since you are apparently so feeble minded as to understand simple english I will attempt to explain this ONE MORE TIME in small words.

    ESR is saying:
    We do not endorse (condone, back up, support) the actions of the Chinese Communist Government (They call themselves communist so in order to be clear as to which government is referred to here it must have communist in the title) or any other government which oppresses its citizens. This statement deals specifically with the chinese government because of the article recently posted concerning their adoption of Linux as an operating system.

    He WAS NOT advocating a Boycott of China, nor was he saying we should disallow the use of Linux in any country. He was saying that the principles of the linux community were not neccesarily those of the Chinese government. This was in the hopes that he would cut off the dozens of Microsurfs who would point at the deal and proclaim Linux the OS of Communist Dictators and hence 'Un-American'.

    If you wish to discuss the atrocities of the US government we can do so, but that would be offtopic in this thread.

    Kintanon
  • Kintanon must believe that the Corpratist US government does not commit atrocities, is not oppressive, and should be widely associated with and endorsed by the linux community.

    Most governments are bad, the US has committed 'atrocitys' just as china has, mostly out of its borders, but Kent state and Waco come to mind.

    Though the US government may not be as bad as the Chinese, its still pretty bad, esp when talking about things like the NSA and bulding wiretaping into TCP ip. The tienanmin square riot was over 9 years ago, and china has gone through 3 leaders since then. They are actively trying to change to a more capitalist economic system. China under Jhang Zamin, or whoever, is not the same as Russia under Stalin



    You are absolutely correct. I believe that the linux community should in no way endorse the actions of the US government in its present form. In fact, it would be nice if someone issued a statement to that effect. Can you please point me to any portion of any post which implies that we SHOULD be endorsing the US government? I am very much against the policies and practices of most governments on earth. In my opinion even the concept of a political government is an obscenity and they should not exist. Community government is a far better and more effective entity.

    Kintanon
  • At the moment, the Linux Counter are 1023 registered Linux users in China; of these, 370 are registered in Hong Kong. That's 0.85 users per million inhabitants, #133 on the Linux density list. Yearly growth is 152%.


    All of these people have registered independently. Which means that they communicated to the outside world.


    I can't help thinking this is a Good Thing.


    (BTW, Cuba has 36 registered users.)

  • One of the things I like about Linux and Free software is that lots of people can use it to fit with their own ideals. If the PRC wants to use linux and focus on the parts of the ideals that fit with Marxism they should go right ahead. I'll use it and focus on the bits that fit with my ideals. And ESR will focus on what fits with his.

    We all get better software out of it.
      • If a commercial concern pays someone to work on Linux is this "incompatible with the voluntary cooperation that is the spirit of the Open Source movement"?

      Absolutely not. Entering into an agreement to do something Linux-related (or anything for that matter) at the request of a commercial entity, and getting payed to do so, is an entirely voluntary action. No one is being coerced here.

      "Voluntary" action is defined as retaining the option to say "no".

    Hmmm... I have to agree with this. OK, delete that paragraph from my original post and then re-read it.

    I wish you would have posted your cogent comment while logged in. It deserves more than a 0 score.

    I'll republish it with my Karmicly boosted 2.

  • Well that's the problem, see. He wasn't disagreeing with my post. His post had little or nothing to do with my post.

    I never said that criticizing socialism was nonsense. I said that ESR did not spout nonsense in his essay. I said that I thought this was a good thing. The only specific mention I made of my political bent was in my .sig.

    I had my fill of debating politics on Slashdot a while ago. I view messages like his as somewhat akin to religious people trying to convert me uninvited. If I had said, "What ESR said about socialism is nonsense", I would view that as an open invitation to argue with me. However, when someone responds to my message with an unrelated message criticizing my (apparent) views, well, I view that as a troll.

    OTOH, I probably shouldn't have flamed him. It was a nice vent but unproductive. Sorry.

    --GnrcMan--

  • . . . Is incompatible with mindless ideological orthodoxy -- which happens to be the root cause of the abuses in China, as well as a favorite passtime of the annoying Libertarian comissar who we call "Eric Raymond".

    Will he next inveigh against users who advocate gun control? Those who remain neutral on the issue? Will he declare that Linux may not be used by those whose religion he doesn't approve of? By Democrats? Microsoft employees? ATF/FBI employees? It's not like anybody will give a rat's ass if he does, but it's still ridiculous.

  • There's a heap of issues here...

    Firstly, I rather like living in a culturally diverse world. I don't want to see western north atlantic culture domainte the world. I like the fact that France wants to remain French, China wants to remain Chinese, and Australia wants to strengthen its own self-identity by getting rid of the monarchy (although I'd rather we keep them for now in the UK).

    And MS, both through its profit-centric worldview, and through it attempts to create a computational monoculture, does tend to be a vehicle for US culture.

    So I approve of China adopting Linux, and Chinese-izing it.

    On the other hand, I dont like the fact that China maintains its identity through such oppressive means. So a government (rather than grass roots) endorsement is a bit of an embarassment.

    If Linux makes computing and information more accessible to the Chinese people, that would be good. It would be wrong to punish the people for the sins of the government (contrast Iraq, where UN estimates say 250,000 to 500,000 children have died due to medical supplies stopped by sanctions). At the same time, just as some medical supplies can also be used by the military, computing technology can also be used by the government to monitor the people.

    So I don't see the issue as black and white as ESR does. I would rather our reactions to China were built up cooperatively from a grass roots level, just as our development has been, rather than being spoken for when I for one haven't yet reached a conclusion on the issue.

    Having said that, ESR is spot on when he says that this will be used as ammunition against Linux for those who use 'communist' as an obscenity. The links between open source and anarchism, libertarianism, or scientific-collaboration are all stronger than the parallels with communism.
    However open source rests uneasy with capitalism, and there are many who believe that everything which is not capitalism is communism.
  • Bad people are communists, bad people are capitalists. Communists just don't understand the free market, and generally don't understand democracy, but that doesn't make everything they
    do eeeevil.


    Communists are a lot worse than that, believe me, I've had first-hand experience. But the idea of adopting Linux as an "official governement OS" is certainly nice, even if the whole PRC story really is untrue. Governments must use open-source; wasting taxpayers' money on commercial software is outrageous, I think.

    Anyway, it's quite a contrast with what's happening over in Russia. If the DoJ makes life too hard for Bill Gates, he can always come to Moscow and take over the Kremlin. They'll let him have it, gladly. MS Kremlin? Do you know that Word 97 is the official format of the Russian tax police [rambler.ru]? You can download the income tax forms from their page, but only in Word 97 format... Now that really makes me mad. Gives a whole new meaning to the term "Microsoft tax", doesn't it?
  • From the article:

    "In the past, I have avoided presuming to speak for the whole Linux community. This time, however, I think I may safely say that this news will come as a vast relief to all of us."

    Has he ever avoided speaking for the community? I hadn't noticed. In fact, when he wrote all that rot about "Take my job please" didn't he mention how hard it was being "the spokesperson for the community"?

    The People's Republic of China is of course just a hollow dictatorial government, trying to further its own agenda by adopting linux as the official OS. (That is if it even happened - read the article) But why does ESR feel he has to speak up and in some cases speak for the linux community on every issue? He presents himself as the face that we show people that are not in the linux community. I hope that isn't truel

  • naive statements about communism to himself

    I base it on this statement. I didn't say it had anything to do with linux. But apparently you believe that his views on Chinese Communism are naive. So do you think that the Chinese government is not killing its own people? I refer you back to the portion of the article in which he stated that the Ideals of marxist communism were supported by many in the free software movement, but that the actions of the Chinese government were not condoned by the linux community at large. I don't see how you can possibly disagree with this unless you do in fact support the actions of the chinese government.

    Kintanon
  • In a November 10th Yahoo-UK story http://uk.news.yahoo.com/991110/22/ax8w.html, the government of Communist China is alleged to have said that Apple Pie will be adopted by that country as its official dessert and that "There is a strong identification between communist China and the tasty good dessert" Authority for this statement is traced to a press release by GraphOn www.graphon.com.

    This story appears to be untrue. The only GraphOn press release I can find that mentions China is http://www.graphon.com/News/pr-china991102.html from 2 Nov. This is a routine announcement of a partnership with a private firm in Hainan. There is no mention of any Chinese government sponsorship or action to make Apple Pie "official".

    In the past, I have avoided presuming to speak for the whole Apple Pie community. This time, however, I think I may safely say that this news will come as a vast relief to all of us. Insofar as it has politics at all, the pie-sharing movement promotes freedom, increased choice, and *voluntary* cooperation. Any "identification" between the values of the pie-sharing community and the repressive practices of Communism is nothing but a a vicious and cynical fraud.

    There are a few of us who have a soft spot for the theoretical Communist ideal of "from each according to his ability, to his each according to his need"; but I am certain that even that minority would not care to be associated with the totalitarian and murderous government of Communist China -- unrepentant perpetrators of numerous atrocities against its own people.

    It may be too much to hope that this statement will head off a flurry of snide opinion pieces divagating about "pie-sharing communism"; the clumsy rhetoric of some of our past ambassadors may have made that outcome inevitable. But the prospect of being "identified" with the bloody-handed gerontocrats behind the Tianamen Square massacre would be, I believe, genuinely revolting and insulting to all of us.

    No matter that such official Chinese government sponsorship might add a quarter of the planet's population to our taster base; if this is "world domination", we'll want none of it.

    ............

    What's with the knee jerk reaction? So communists like Linux. It's a good OS. Why shouldn't they like it?

  • by jd ( 1658 ) <`imipak' `at' `yahoo.com'> on Thursday November 11, 1999 @03:52AM (#1543338) Homepage Journal
    The problem is that the Open Source movement -cannot- and -should not- interfere with the choice of users. So long as the licences are honored, we have no say-so over who uses the software, or for what. Freedom cannot simply be dispensed to those we choose to like, and withheld from the rest.

    If we're going to argue the moral issues, things get even more complex. How many people who buy a gun consider that they're giving money to a company which WILL spend it on making devices which are even more efficient killing machines. If they consider it at all, they accept that as the consequence of their choice, and that how those machines are used are not part of the deal. Your choice doesn't affect anyone else's choice. Their decisions are their own. Yes, you fund the means, but the choices of others are theirs and theirs alone.

    (I use that example, which is likely to be explosive, precicely because ESR is an avid pro-gun person. That's his choice, and nobody has any right to say it's good or bad, but choice is two-edged. If we can expect the freedom to choose, then so can everyone else. Including China.)

    As for "public retractions", "de-politicising", etc, stop and think for a moment. Is Open Source about manipulating and spin-doctoring? Or about coding for the love of coding, to scratch an itch?

    If we resort to spin-doctoring to "fix" someone else's decision, to control or manipulate someone else's reaction, we're no better than the worst excesses of politicians or corporations. That is one hell of a slippery slope, and woe betide all who choose to go that route.

    Keep your eye on the ball, NOT your opponents, NOT the grandstands, and DEFINITELY NOT the people you are hoping to impress. Focus on them, and you'll fall flat on your face, and that's no way to impress anyone. Go out and focus on what you're trying to achieve. Leave other people to react as they will. Do that, and their reaction won't matter. And THAT gives them the freedom to react well, in a way that matters and will last.

  • I don't think that you can say that china->government == communism.
    I think it's fair to say that "The Linux Community" (If such a thing exists) doesn't condone the actions of the US government, such as crypto export restrictions, the CDA, S795 etc.

    This however does not translate to an automatic condemnation of capitalism.






    Nor did anyone automatically condemn communism. The actions of the chinese government which claims to be communist were condemned. Stop reading things into the article that weren't there people.

    Kintanon
  • As I said, you can interpret the principles in any way you choose. It would be EQUALLY valid to interpret Linux as the celebration of the -ultimate- group - the populace as a whole, as no individual or closed group could EVER produce a system as complex or sophisticated as Linux.

    From this standpoint, the principles of socialism (which China does NOT advocate) and communism (which China does NOT advocate either) would seem to be very much supported, and the idea of isolationism and individualism are not.

    No individual could ever hope to match the success of Linux, because an individual means closed-source. If it's open, then it is no longer the work of an individual, but rather the co-operation of the community as a whole.

    China, however, is Communist, which is a specific branch of communism, which blends a whole spectrum of political beliefs which are actually very anti-socialism. (You can't advocate decentralised power -AND- total government control, at the same time.)

  • Are you making up words again? not in webster's unabridged, don't have my OED.


    I'll assume that you are going from greek, which would mean:


    klepto = steal or theaf

    cracy = rule


    So kleptocracy would be rule of the thieves?


    Shalom.

  • Also, why does everyone think that just because _most_ communist ideals are mistaken, that they all are?

    Care to show us some correct ones?

    Unfortunately, I don't have a copy of The Communist Manifesto at hand, but if memory serves, their agenda included such radical and dangerous (for the 1880s) ideas as the abolition of child labor and the legalization of trade unions.
  • For Americans to condemn China as repressive is quite hypocritical; how quickly we forget centuries of slavery that cost millions of African lives to build the plantation econonmy, or the millions of Native people who had to be swept aside in the name of "manifest destiny". The PRC never did anything like that! Nor should we forget that the U.S. currently has the largest incarcerated population in the world; this slave labor is used by many corporations, including Microsoft Dan Axtell dax@mail1.nai.net


    I'd say the US has come a long way in 200 years, while China is still just as oppresive as it ever was, maybe more so. At least the US government is trying to improve the quality of life for its people, and USUALLY doesn't go around slaughtering people who disagree with its policies.

    Kintanon
  • I think maybe our opinions aren't as different as we were both assuming. Certainly, if someone is printing something that is inaccurate, they should retract it. Reporting should be accountable for it's honesty and accuracy. I think the only difference is in our opinions over what should happen next, but that is neither here nor there, as the question is about the report, not speculation on the future.
  • I try to keep an open mind. But every Communist nation I know of has fallen to corruption. And I think that may be the probplem. Archimededs (I think) said that a monarchy (power of the one) is the best form of government but has so much potential for corruption. Aristocracy (power of the few) still has great potential for corruption but not so much as a monarchy. At the lower end of the spectrum is Polygomy (power of the many, or, what we call democract) where corruption is low but the government isn't very efficient.

    I think the problem is design vs implementation. Marx had a noble idea, a classless society where everyone is equal. But the implementations sucks. It could be simply that the form of government that works well on paper goes to hell in practice.

    I think the problem is that the government distributes the wealth. In a capitalism, virtually all of the weatlth is distributed by the people in our Free Enterprise system. This system secures against corruption because people have a choice to do business with these people or not (unless there is a monopoly which our government keeps a close eye on). This unlike communism that is an Aristocracy (power of the few) where have no choice about whether you want to do business with the government. If this government becomes corrupt, you still have to deal with them because they own all the businesses and all the wealth. By greed and selfishness, this government degrades to oppression.

    Well this is my theory in any case.

    ***Beginning*of*Signiture***
    Linux? That's GNU/Linux [gnu.org] to you mister!
  • by hey! ( 33014 )
    bNot to mention what it turned out we did against Korean civilians in the name of fighting Communism. It's reasonable enough as an individual to condemn the Tiananmen masscre; however it's folly to pretend that the Chinese government is intrinsically wicked and ours is intrinsically benevolent. As for killing student protesters: remember Kent State?

    The important difference between our systems is that we have freedom of expression and the power of the ballot. We have the benefit of freedom of expression, so the governent must limit its most odious activities to far away places where they hope people at home won't notice, and even then can very well be called to responsibility.

    Free software necessarily promotes free expression; so if the Chinese were to choose free software I'd say its a good thing.

    As for people who are afraid this will somehow taint the free software movement -- you have your priorities backward. Far better to promote the freedom of a quarter of the world's population!
  • by hey! ( 33014 ) on Thursday November 11, 1999 @04:08AM (#1543363) Homepage Journal
    ... so he couldn't resist getting some RMS-bashing in.

    I hadn't picked up on that one, but obviously you're right.

    At first, I was turned off by RMS's abrasiveness, his aggressive and judgemental polemics. ESR is completely correct when he calls RMS's rhetoric clumsy. RMS is totally lacking in tact, diplomacy, flattery or any other useful skill of self promotion, despite this our industry, and possibly soon all of society is going to be transformed by his ideas.

    You've got to respect that.

    RMS's style is not politic, but it is candid, rigorous and bracing. It cuts right to the point without flourish or elaborately constructed and analogies. It's only radical because it's simply not media-credible to care about freedom for freedom's sake rather than for efficiency's sake.

    When did caring about freedom go out of style in our culture?

  • The whole idea of OSS is that OSS software is open to anybody, that includes countries like China. They can do as they see fit. If they want to make linux their official OS, whatever they mean by that, it is their legal right to do so.

    Perhaps it is a good thing to realize that if you are giving your software away under GPL like licenses, you enable governments of countries like Iran, China and Iraque to use your software in any way they want to. If you don't want that, don't release it under GPL. After all any software you write can be used against you or somebody else.

    Things like encryption are considered to be weapons by the US government. While this on it self is rediculous, it is good to realize that your software may be used in ways you don't appreciate. An OSS database for instance can be used to create and maintain a database of enemies of the public republic of china.

    I'm not a license expert but wouldn't it be possible to exclude certain parties of using your software in a license. I.e. would it be possible to state in the license that you don't want government institutions of the republic of china to use this software? I'm sure many people don't like the idea of supporting certain regimes.
  • ESR was right to distance us from the Chinese government, just in case someone in the press tries to skew the story. (Call me a liberal, but they're still pretty odious, someone had to say something.)

    The real story here, though, is market niches.

    Microsoft and the other commercial OS companies have had trouble selling their wares in up-and-coming countries like China because their stuff is too darned expensive. Consumers in the industrialized world can drop $100 on an operating system without blinking, but that's prohibitively high in the third world. That's one of the reasons software piracy is so widespread in certain foreign lands. This is a market opportunity for free software.

    Linux has advanced by seizing market niches which Windows couldn't handle. Here are a bunch more: Russia, India, China, Indonesia, etc. In fact, a team of Indonesian academics recently volunteered for one open source project I keep tabs on. Seems they're thinking along these same lines. If we can get half the world's population using Linux, how long will the U.S. and Europe hold out?

  • by sethg ( 15187 ) on Thursday November 11, 1999 @04:15AM (#1543371) Homepage
    There are a few of us who have a soft spot for the theoretical Communist ideal of "from each according to his ability, to his each according to his need"; but I am certain that even that minority would not care to be associated with the totalitarian and murderous government of Communist China -- unrepentant perpetrators of numerous atrocities against its own people.
    I "met" ESR about ten years ago, when I was an undergraduate reading talk.politics.misc and similar netnews groups. He failed to convince me to become an anarcho-capitalist; I failed to convince him that libertarianism was bunk. But we both tried really, really hard.

    The mainstream media now see ESR as a spokesman for Open Source in general and for Linux in particular, and it seems like most geeks are hard-core libertarians. ESR could use his media visibility to argue for libertarian political goals, instead of arguing that Open Source software is good for people of all political stripes.

    As one of the people who has a soft spot for "from each according to his ability...", I am glad that he passed up his most recent opportunity to do this.

    (Note that in his article, ESR does not criticize the Chinese government's control over the economy; the only specific Chinese atrocity he mentions is the Tiannamen Square massacre.)

  • I think you are confusing hstory and culture.

    Thay have a culture now. It is different from the one they had before the cultural revolution. I'm not suggesting they, or we, or anyone else go back to feudalism.

    To some extent politics and culture are inextricably intertwined. I would like to see what China could become under a more liberal government. But I can guess what it will become if all the international corporations are allowed to pour in and create a culture by marketting. Of course, if the Chinese people chose that sort of society, more power to them.

    India seems to strike a happy balence, with democracy and yet a distinct culture. Of course, India has its own share of poverty and ethnic factionalism.

    The big question all of this revolves around is why the rich first world cultures are culturally less diverse in most respects than the rest of the world. If it is a historical accident, then maybe we will see better societies built from different foundations if we don't straightjacket them with out own ideas.

    On the other hand, if all societies in which there is a good deal of freedom and wealth must gravitate towards a particular set of cultral values, then monoculturalism offers relief for poor and opressed people everywhere.

    As it may be clear from my first post, I suspect and hope that the former is the case.
  • You seem to be the one who's reading stuff which isn't there.
    ESR talks about "Communism" in the above referenced article. The vast majority of the article is in the abstract, only one sentence is specific to China. Epeeist starts this thread by saying "He can keep his libertarian politics and naive statements about communism to himself.". You then start talking about the actions of the Chinese government.

    The two are not equvilant, one can be a supporter of a system practiced by a government without being a supporter of the government. If you wish to criticise Epeeist's views on communism then you should do it purely upon the qualities of communism.



    Ok, to clarify, Epeeist was referring to ESR's statement, ESR was referring specifically to the actions of the communist chinese government. In the same paragraph ESR stated that the ideals of communism were supported by many in the linux community, but that those people did not support the actions of the chinese government. This entire conversation is ONLY in relation to the Chinese government which calls itself a communist government. ESR made no statements about communism in general, only that of the chinese government in specific. Epeeist apparently feels that ESR's view of the communist chinese goverment is 'naive'. By following this statement to its logical conclusion I would say that Epeeist must believe that the communist chinese government does not commit atrocities, is not oppressive, and should be widely associated with and endorsed by the linux community.

    Epeeist read ESR's statement as being a comment on communist ideals in general, the only statement about general communist ideals was the statement that many in the community agree with them. The rest of the paragraph was directed at communist china and the atrocities performed by that government. NOW do you understand what I was talking about?

    Kintanon
  • I agree. I hope for once this turns the tides. ESR has turned the free software movement into marketing for big business under the label Open Source. And he believes that you can somehow separate the pragmatic from the principle.

    Free software is about freedom. The only thing that can happen by China's adoption of GNU/Linux is more freedom.

    ***Beginning*of*Signiture***
    Linux? That's GNU/Linux [gnu.org] to you mister!
  • but I also feel that Communism and Open Source/Free Software have little, very little, to do with each other.

    I see it this way. Open Source thinks you can separate the pragmatic from the principle. Open Source is also a tribe of marketers selling GNU/Linux to big businesses.

    I personally want as little to do with Open Source as possible. Open Source is hyped too much in the media. Heck, the only reason he uses the word Open Source because he is so concerned that his big business buddies would think they couldn't sell the software.

    Anyone want to start the Open Men (instead of Free Men) movement to tell the big business that they can sell people, oh wait, they can't. Oh! I see! People can distinguish free as in freedom when written before the word 'Men' but not for software, huh?



    ***Beginning*of*Signiture***
    Linux? That's GNU/Linux [gnu.org] to you mister!
  • ***Microsoft and the other commercial OS companies have had trouble selling their wares in up-and-coming countries like China because their stuff is too darned expensive. Consumers in the industrialized world can drop $100 on an operating system without blinking, but that's prohibitively high in the third world. That's one of the reasons software piracy is so widespread in certain foreign lands. This is a market opportunity for free software ***

    Actually countries like China have a nasty reputation for disregarding all copyright laws for intellectual property, thus piracy and bootlegging run rampant.
  • Well, if you want to make China responsible for all the misdeeds of Communists, in all fairness you have to make the US responsible for all deeds of Capitalists.

    How about WWII, which was started by a capitalist country, and resulted in fifteen million deaths, including six million Jews and countless Gypsies and other groups killed for no reason other than sheer cussedness?

    OK, so the Nazis were our enemies, but what about our friends? We were allies with Stalin, after all. How about our friends in South America who "dissappeared" dissidents and gave their children to government officials who couldn't have babies? How about our friends in the Phillipines who robbed their own country bankrupt?

    Of course Tiananmen was wrong; annexing Tibet and stamping out Buddhism there was wrong. And I'm not a US basher. As a US citizen I think our country has been as benevolent an empire/superpower as any country ever in that position has ever been, which while not saying much, is something.

    It's just time to grow up and stop pretending some kind of ideological force field protects your country from doing wrong just as bad as any other country. It's like the management at my wife's company, who when presented with a budget for computer security, wrote a memo back that it wasn't a problem because the "integrity of the software" would prevent any problems from occuring. Systems are only secure because somebody secures them, and goverments are only decent when people hold them to account.
  • by Zach Frey ( 17216 ) <.zach. .at. .zfrey.com.> on Thursday November 11, 1999 @04:59AM (#1543408) Homepage

    Care to show us some correct ones?

    Oh, I think Marx hit the nail on the head with his "alienation of labor" idea -- that is, industrial labor is qualitatively different from agrarian/craft labor, because (1) the laboror is no longer in control of the "means of production", so he is working for somebody else, not himself, and (2) industrial labor treats the worker as an automaton, not as a real human. Based on my experience in factory work, I think he was 100% correct there. And he was justifiably outraged at the horrific abuses going on in the factory sweatshops of the early 1800's.

    Now, Marx was completely wrong about the nature of the human problem (Marxian thought holds that people are fine, generous, and unselfish by nature, and if we can only get the social structures right we can create utopia), about "historical inevitability" and the natural progressions of societies (so wrong, that Lenin had to drastically revise Marx to explain Russian Bolshevism, as KM taught that it would be impossible for a society to move directly from a peasent/agrarian state to a Communist state without industrialization first -- precisely what did happen in Russia). And, of course, so awfully wrong about the "dictatorship of the proletariat" and the "withering away" of the State that it would be funny if it weren't so tragic.

    Also, keep in mind that there are in fact many options besides Marx's "dictatorship of the proletariat" and Smith's "invisible hand" of laissez-faire capitalism. In fact, both stand for the concentration of working capital and the means of production in the hands of a few -- the difference being who those few are (Communists choose goverenment officials, Capitalists choose captitalists). For one alternative, try a search for "Distributism" [google.com], or simply read some of the political works of G. K. Chesterton [chesterton.org], such as What's Wrong With The World [ccel.org]

    Big Business and State Socialism are very much alike, especially Big Business.
    -- G. K. Chesterton
  • If you put it like that you are right. But you should consider that even free software under the GPL license has restrictions: namely that I can't use it to create something new and keep the changes propietary. That is a restriction of freedom that other licenses don't have.

    Not that I want to start a discussion on that, I just wanted to show that there is no real freedom. I personally would have no objections in excluding certain people or groups of people in this world from using my software. I see that as a form of freedom (free to choose who may and may not use the software). By doing so you can make a political statement with your creations. To confuse you even more, limiting the freedom of use may increase the level of freedom other individuals experience.

    I don't like dogmatic discussions. Which is one of the reasons I'm not a Richard Stallman fan.
  • by slim ( 1652 )
    Uh. I never said Communism was nice and dandy.
    Communism fails, because it ignores (perfectly natural and acceptable) aspects of human nature which bugger up the machinery.


    Have a care for a simple-minded atheist, and reword that so that your point is clearer.


    I'm trying to understand what you're getting at.

    --

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