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Linux Business Operating Systems Software Windows

Changing a Windows Network to Linux? 150

Charli125 asks: "I have been a Windows administrator ever since I got into the tech industry. I have no working experience with any other OS except for those from Apple. I am currently working with a small company that has 1 server and around 15 workstations. I would like to faze out all of the Windows software, in order to avoid having to deal with viruses, save money, and learn how the other half lives. Since I have never so much as installed Linux, I am looking for resources or advice on how to get started, and how to plan the change over. Can anyone help me?"
"My current setup is like this:
Server-Windows Small Business Server 2003, Symantec Antivirus Corporate Edition(and for Exchange)

Workstations-Windows XP Pro, Office 2003 or XP, Symantec Antivirus, IE for most of the browsers (Firefox for mine and a few others). The main apps used are like every other office, Word and Excel.

I have OpenOffice installed on my home computer, and it works fine. I do see a problem with non-tech types saving in the default format though, which would result in other users not being able to read the documents/spreadsheets.

Yeah, I know, I'm so MSFT, I'm everything you guys hate about the IT world, but I would really appreciate anything that would help me get started.

Thanks"
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Changing a Windows Network to Linux?

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  • A basic strategy: (Score:5, Insightful)

    by TripMaster Monkey ( 862126 ) * on Tuesday September 13, 2005 @03:04PM (#13550278)

    Since I have never so much as installed Linux, I am looking for resources or advice on how to get started, and how to plan the change over. Can anyone help me?

    Not to sound condescending here, but honestly...if you've never even installed Linux, much less used it long-term, you really have no idea what you're letting yourself in for.

    My advice would be to install Linux on your home system in a dual-boot configuration with your existing Windows install. Then, use the Linux system exclusively. If something comes up that you don't know how to do in Linux, don't boot into Windows...figure out how to do it on Linux. Only switch to Windows if you have no other option, and if you do, keep a detailed record of the transgression in a notebook (hereafter referred to as the 'Book of Shame'). Also, remember to try to do things your users at work will be expected to be able to do...after all, you're evaluating the feasibility of Linux in your workplace as well as your home. After you've figured out how to do something you couldn't do previously, check off its entry in the Book of Shame.

    After a few weeks (months?) of this, sit down with your Book of Shame and see what you've learned. How many entries do you have? How many were subsequently checked off? At this point, you should have a good idea of whether or not deploying Linux in the workplace is a viable option for you.

    One more thing...use the resources available to you. Here's a good link [tsf.org.za] to some online Linux courses...you might want to check them out for starters. Also, the Web and the newsgroups usually have good information about whatever question you might have, if you have the patience to dig deeply enough, and the self-esteem to withstand the few elitist jerks who scoff and call you a n00b. Finally, read those man pages!

    I'm looking forward to seeing what you find out...please remember to let us know. ^_^
    • I agree. Setup a little home server or a test box somewhere with Linux on it and pound on that to get used to Linux, to test server configurations and how to do things, etc. You need the experience.

      You may also want to look into courses/certifications. For example get a book or two on RedHat's certification or any others and read through them (maybe even go after it).

    • As a postscript to the comment above, read and perhaps help contribute to this site: http://www.grokdoc.net/ [grokdoc.net]
    • Good advice (Score:4, Informative)

      by benjamindees ( 441808 ) on Tuesday September 13, 2005 @03:52PM (#13550780) Homepage
      I'd add:

      Of course start with your home machine. If you can't use Linux, you can't support it. Try at least two distros.

      Also, since you're completely green, you'll have to switch in stages. Take small steps. It'll take longer, but you'll be better off for it.

      Buy and read at least three Linux books. Start with a general one to give you an overview and some basics. Maybe get one on Samba, perhaps another on whatever e-mail or groupware server you decide on.

      Stop upgrading your Windows software. Standardize on what you have now, and don't buy a new Dell with Office 2005 whenever it comes out. It will only cause more hassle. Standardize on Firefox immediately. Decide if you need to use Office and Crossover on Linux or if you can switch some or all users to OpenOffice.org. If you can switch, start now.

      Once you're completely comfortable using and configuring Linux for yourself (this will take you six months), start by replacing the Windows server. If you do it correctly, your users won't even notice. That's the goal.

      From there, switch your worst user to a Linux desktop. Explain to him how Linux works, that it's open source, and that any problems he encounters should be reported and fixed. Make sure this user tears Linux apart. Make it clear this is only a test, and that you want to find problems. Use this time to get acquainted with the bug reporting tools.

      Switching to Linux, even in a small network, is a long term project. Problems will crop up along the way. You may need to modify your intended path. Linux comes with lots of options. That's okay. Don't be afraid to try different options as long as you end up with the best configuration for your application. The benefits are definitely worth it.
      • Buy and read at least three Linux books. Start with a general one to give you an overview and some basics. Maybe get one on Samba, perhaps another on whatever e-mail or groupware server you decide on.

        I highly recommend Samba-3 by Example [amazon.com]. It's the best book on Samba that I've found, in that it approaches the subject from the POV of someone like yourself, who needs to implement this in various office situations.
    • In addition to Parent's good advice, I'd suggest looking at the Munich strategy for Win -> Linux conversion. As I understand it, they are basically moving a lot of their folks from MS Office and MSIE to FOSS equivalents, but holding off on changing the OS itself until employees are up to speed with the applications. I think that would be a good strategy for a lot businesses.

    • Good advice, except with one point I disagree with.

      DON'T dual-boot. Makes it WAY too easy to use windows as a crutch. When I finally went pure-linux on the desktop, the only way I managed to pull it off was by purging the MS software altogether, so I had no choice but to make Slack work.

    • I completely agree that you're going to need to learn how to run Linux before you run Linux, but there are things you should do WHILE you are learning Linux:

      0. Linux is a perfect OS for your server, but consider strongly whether you really want Linux for your workstations or you really want OSX. OSX provides a vastly superior interface for untrained users and generally supports most Linux software and a very large amount of professional software that Linux doesn't. If you're going to go with Linux, though
    • While I do love linux myself, making a full-on switch without experience could be seen as a form of professional hari-kari.

      First thing would be to find out what your main server does, and see what alternative replacements there are. Some examples:

      web: apache
      firewall/NAT: iptables
      proxy: squid
      fileserver: samba
      printing: cups
      ftp: proftpd (or better, SSH-based services with winSCP clients, etc).
      However, as per the parent's recommendation, setting up a home server would probably not test it well for a
  • by yagu ( 721525 ) * <yayagu.gmail@com> on Tuesday September 13, 2005 @03:06PM (#13550303) Journal

    Well, maybe rule number one:

    1. Don't do what the former Windows admin did in our shop when he came in to run our Sun Servers. He noticed one server had been up for 555 days, and over the weekend re-booted it for us. Unix knows how to run for long periods of time without failing. Unix expects to run for long periods of time without failing.
    2. See rule number 1.
  • Troll. (Score:5, Interesting)

    by nuxx ( 10153 ) on Tuesday September 13, 2005 @03:09PM (#13550333) Homepage
    I think this whole article must be a troll. If not, the desire to faze [sic] out the current setup is misguided. The setup mentioned above, if properly administered, will work just fine as it is.

    One's job as an administrator is not to go with what is 'cool', but what works and keeps the buisness running. Throwing out the existing config in order to "save money" is wrongheaded. The first thing to do would be a total cost study to see if money will be saved. Making such a change to "see how the other half lives" is the sort of thing that is done in your lab, on a test network.

    Avoiding viruses, while not as easy, can generally be done via proactive patching and ensuring that antivirus software remains updated via some sort of top-down policy which enforces updating.

    So, yes, I'll fall back on my earlier statement that this is either a troll or horribly misguided.
    • One's job as an administrator is not to go with what is 'cool', but what works and keeps the buisness running. Throwing out the existing config in order to "save money" is wrongheaded.

      I think you're jumping the gun.

      Just because something is 'cool' doesn't mean it isn't better. While admitedly rare, it's not unheard of for things to become 'cool' precisely because they are better.

      Also, just because what you have now is adequate doesn't mean you shouldn't be looking at alternatives. While I agree that changin
      • There are a whole heap of benefits to running Linux for a small business like this.

        SugarCRM
        SpamD
        Less virus
        Higher availability from better security (SELinux anybody?)
        MultiSync

        Essentially a lot of value add that doesn't exist now without spending a lot of money on proprietry software. Yes, a lot of this could be run under Windows if you REALLY wanted to. However, this isn't exactly the best supported scenario.

        The other thing the business has to consider is, what happens when you get hit by a bus? What is the

    • I suspect the only troll here is you.

      "Throwing out the existing config in order to "save money" is wrongheaded."

      Really? Tell your boss that. He'll kill you. Your boss LIVES for saving money - even if he can't and everything he does turns to shit and expense.

      Proactive patching for viruses? Dumb Windows idea. Read Marcus Ranum's recent rant mentioned here a day or so ago. It's bad enough you have to patch Linux and its apps for REAL vulnerabilities without having to patch for malware, too.

      This guy is correc
  • Faze? (Score:1, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward
    I would like to faze out all of the Windows software
    Answer.com definition of faze is interesting in this context -

    faze (fâz) pronunciation tr.v., fazed, fazing, fazes. To disrupt the composure of; disconcert. See synonyms at embarrass.
    If that's what the poster wanted to do, isn't he wasting everyone's time? (I think disruption comes free when you have Windows servers and workstations - or did MS start charging for it separately?)
  • Oh dear! (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward
    "I have been a Windows administrator ever since I got into the tech industry. I have no working experience with any other OS except for those from Apple."

    Poor customer. Seriously, I've got a Linux and no Windows background, but wouldn't be ready to dive into such a venture by asking advice on some random website. For god's sake this is Slashdot!
    You must be new here.
  • No offense, but (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Phleg ( 523632 ) <stephen.touset@org> on Tuesday September 13, 2005 @03:17PM (#13550395)
    Don't convert your shop to Linux. Especially if you've never so much as installed it before. You will run into problems, and you will have no clue how to fix them, pissing off your users and disrupting your company's business. No matter how bad it is running Windows, it will be worse running any platform you aren't familiar with.

    Install a system for you home use and use it exclusively for as long as it takes to get comfortable. Set up some services on those machines and tinker around with them. You should have, in my experience, at least a year with the operating system before you even think of deploying it in a business environment. Less, if you're familiar with similar operating systems.
    • Actually, I'd say that he should start his business conversion with himself. Get a laptop, install Linux on it, and experiment with it as your main day-to-day work machine. Run the necessary Windows programs in Crossover Office, while becoming familiar with Linux and its own share of foibles. If something won't run in Crossover, then install it on a Windows server and run it in a Terminal Services session and access it with tsclient. See if you can wean yourself off of all the Windows-only programs that
  • I don't buy it. (Score:1, Insightful)

    by Seumas ( 6865 )
    How this got accepted on Slashdot, I can't imagine. It's clearly not a sincere query.

    First, he says his only professional experience has been working with Windows machines. Then he says that the only experience he has is with Apple systems. Which is it?

    Second, he says he doesn't know where to start with regards to involving linux with the network, because he's never so much as installed linux before. Well, the obvious first step would be to start by installing linux.

    Third, he ends with a comment intended to
    • Not only that, but some PFY is going to switch over all the machines from Windows to Linux just because he knows...er, *finds out* how? Must be pretty cool not to have anybody to answer to.
      • by MarkGriz ( 520778 ) on Tuesday September 13, 2005 @03:26PM (#13550492)
        I can see it all now....

        Boss: WTF?!?! Charlie, get your ass in here!! How come Outlook says it cannot find the email server.

        Charli125: We'll, I replaced our Windows server with Linux, because it's free and will save us money.

        Boss: Look, if you don't change everything back so I can get my email in the next 30 minutes, the only thing we'll be saving money on is your salary!
        • by 51mon ( 566265 )
          "if you don't change everything back so I can get my email in the next 30 minutes"

          Outlook is quite capable of spontaneously stopping people from reading their email for half an hour without any help from Linux servers (or Exchange).

          I seem to remember several versions do quite a good job of this when you get more than 2^16 email in one folder. Then there is Microsofts idea of "security" which is to make it so complex to use certain sorts of attachments no one will ever try.

          Heck I sent my boss an email with a
    • > I have been a Windows administrator ever since I got into the tech industry.
      > I have no working experience with any other OS [besides Windows] except for
      > those from Apple.

      Poor grammar, perhaps, but I think you misread it.


    • Not to say it isn't possible, but you obviously didn't read what he said.

      He said his only experience PROFESSIONALLY was with Windows, but he has SOME experience with Macs. I did NOT read that he said his experience was the same with both, which is your interpretation.
  • Hire a competent, certified linux admin. Demote yourself to changeover manager (windows side). Study as an apprentice under the trained Linux admin. Expect to take at least 2 years to become competent to "fly solo".

    BTW, since you know Apple, why the hell are you planning on Linux? Apple kit may cost, but not as much as doubling the staff for a couple years, and the modern stuff has all the Unix advantages.
  • by evilpenguin ( 18720 ) on Tuesday September 13, 2005 @03:27PM (#13550497)
    Hire an experienced Linux administrator.

    Seriously.

    The first post on this thread has a good suggestion on how to begin getting personal experience with Linux, but seriously, you are talking about pretty big change here, even if you only have a few servers.

    Which distro will you choose? Why?
    Do you know enough about the system to handle a problem when it occurs?
    How much does downtime cost your business?
    Would signifcant downtime due to your ignorance of the platform cost more than maintaining and securing the Windows solution you already have?

    If you don't have the expertise, it isn't reasonable to ask your employer to pay for you to acquire it in production.

    Believe me, I am all for converting businesses, especially small to medium sized businesses, to an open-source infrastructure, but at first glance this seems like you are just begging for trouble.

    I'm quite serious when I say if you want to do this, contract out to an expert who does this. I charge $95/hour plus travel/lodging expenses... ;-)

    Otherwise, maintain what you have and develop sufficient expertise on your own. Convert when you know the answers to all the questions I asked above (and then some), but not before.
    • Play with Linux for a year or two, OBSESSIVELY!

      If you never had Unix in your schooldays, this may be tougher than it sounds.

      After builing lots of crap on your home network, you will discover how not to do things. By the time you catch yourself using vi keystrokes in NOTEPAD and Slashdot comment fields, you ar eprobably ready to inflict your BOfH-self on the world.

    • "Otherwise, maintain what you have and develop sufficient expertise on your own. Convert when you know the answers to all the questions I asked above (and then some), but not before."

      No kidding. They run SBS 2003 and XP (not exactly old stuff) but he wants to rip it all out and replace it with Linux because he's afraid of viruses?

      If he said "We are running Window NT 3.51 and a handful of Windows for Workgroups machines" then maybe his plan has some merit...

    • Guys, he has ONE fucking server and FIFTEEN workstations.

      This is NOT General Motors.

      He needs to put Red Hat or SUSE on the one server, and Fedora or SUSE on the workstations.

      This isn't rocket science, even for a newbie.

      Yes, he needs to get up to speed. He needs to buy a book (or two) on Linux administration which covers both the command line and GUI tools like Webmin, he needs to buy the "Linux in a Nutshell" book for a desk reference, and he needs to review a lot of tutorials on the Web.

      If he has any smart
      • True, it's a small environment, but that doesn't make the changeover that much easier. Fifteen people breathing down your neck, including the one who signs your checks, is never a good thing. If the server is converted to Linux, has a funky crash (say it's a flaky CPU), and he's not sure how to troubleshoot it, then that's still a bad situation. I agree that it's not as huge as a failure of a critical system in a large enterprise, but it's still a bad thing to have happen to someone.

        • Can't disagree but my point is that he can learn to set it up in a lot less than two years of heavy study like other people have suggested.

          He can learn what he needs to do this in less than six months - even three - if he applies himself to the right texts, and implements what he learns on a test machine (or two - necessary for learning networking on Linux.) Depending on how busy he is otherwise, of course.
  • Windows vs Linux (Score:5, Insightful)

    by ka9dgx ( 72702 ) on Tuesday September 13, 2005 @03:29PM (#13550524) Homepage Journal
    There is a heavy percieved bias against Windows, for various reasons here on /., and this story points out the difference between that perception and the reality of the situation.

    While many of us don't like Microsoft, for various reasons, we still use it, many of us exclusively. The network you manage is more important than you realize. You're being paid to reduce uncertainty for the users. It's not fair to your users to increase that uncertainty by orders of magnitude unless there is a massive benefit to the users. Replacement of Office with equivalent functionality is NOT a benefit, as it will only frustrate your users everytime anything unexpected happens. The users will also then have you to personally blame when ANYTHING goes wrong, reguardless of its relevance to the OS switch.

    If you want to learn some Linux, get an older machine, put two newer NICs in it, and set up an IPcop firewall. You can use a web browser to configure it once it's installed, and peek around inside it via the console. This gives you the benefit of helping to protect the users, while giving you a linux box to manage.

    Don't subject your users to your whim. It may suck for you, but Windows is what the users expect, and can cope with, slashdot bias be damned.

    Feel free to ignore my advice, but you might want to update your resume if you do so.

    --Mike--

    • by MarkusQ ( 450076 )

      While many of us don't like Microsoft, for various reasons, we still use it, many of us exclusively.

      On the other hand, many of us don't use it at all, and don't miss it. I've got 5 boxes on my KVM switcher here, and every one of them is running some flavour of *nix. There's no reason that I can see to use Windows; we have exactly one Windows box in the office and it is used for 1) testing web pages and 2) testing anti-virus software.

      Reading the rest of your post (You're being paid to reduce uncertain

    • "The network you manage is more important than you realize. You're being paid to reduce uncertainty for the users. It's not fair to your users to increase that uncertainty by orders of magnitude unless there is a massive benefit to the users. Replacement of Office with equivalent functionality is NOT a benefit, as it will only frustrate your users everytime anything unexpected happens. The users will also then have you to personally blame when ANYTHING goes wrong, reguardless of its relevance to the OS swit
  • Don't... Yet (Score:2, Insightful)

    by zhez ( 906323 )
    My best advice is to get yourself a small budget using the TOC arguments that keep flying past here on Slashdot.

    What to buy:
    1. Two or three used machines (P3s or so). One for a file/print server and two dummy workstations to connect to it.
    2. Copies of two or three different distros that are specifically designed for this kind of thing.

    I've chosen Xandros Business for my office here (I'm the CTO) since it still lets us run some small windows apps and is very "windows-ish" in feel. Read: Easy to switch
  • Knoppix is a linux distribution that comes on a bootable CDROM. It can be used to repair Windoze boxen, test hardware, and install a fully working linux server or workstation.

    Buy the book "Knoppix Hacks" from O'Reilly. It is an book about Knoppix, but it serves as an excellent recipie book for linux in general.

    For more info visit http://www.knoppix.org/ [knoppix.org]
  • Im all for Linux (Score:2, Insightful)

    by SlongNY ( 766017 ) *
    Hello,


    As the other posted mentioned, dont even think of doing it Live before you know how to do it. Install it at home, setup a PDC/Fileserver first. Setup a desktop to connect to the server, etc. I have used linux for 5 years personally, and didnt attempt to use it for my business until 2 years ago. I had 3 years of exp. with it before i used it on live servers.

    Again, as a avid linux user, i always like to suggest it as a option. However in your case, the money is spent, the network works.

    Dont f

    • Again, as a avid linux user, i always like to suggest it as a option. However in your case, the money is spent, the network works.


      Except that evetually he's going to have to look at upgrading everything at some point in the future anyway, so he might as well start looking at how to get himself and his company out of Microsoft's profit cycle now.
  • SuSE Pro (Score:4, Insightful)

    by MrResistor ( 120588 ) <peterahoff@gmYEATSail.com minus poet> on Tuesday September 13, 2005 @03:48PM (#13550741) Homepage
    Since nobody else seems interested in posting anything actually helpful, I guess I will.

    Buy SuSE Profesional, the full boxed set. For roughly $100, that will get you most of what you need in order to install, run, and learn to use Linux. My personal observation has been that people who start with SuSE stick with Linux. If you really want to be an expert on Linux, there are other distros that you should consider switching to after you're comfortable on SuSE, but I wouldn't start a new user out on anything else.

    Before you switch ANY workstations, you'll want to switch the server. Before you do that you need to do 2 things: learn to use *nix (I highly recomend taking at least "Intro to Unix" at your local JC), and verify that you won't be losing any functionality your users care about in the switch (maybe you don't use any of the unique features of Exchange, maybe you do; only you know).

    IFF you can switch the server, only then should you even consider switching the workstations. The right way to do this is to start with the apps. Firefox is probably the easiest first step, then maybe email (Thunderbird or Evolution, probably), then OpenOffice (honestly, if everyone inside your company is using OOo, you're better off in the long run having them save stuff in the default format, and just teaching them how to convert stuff if they need to send it to the outside world for any reason), and finally any job specific apps your employees use. ONLY after all apps required for people to do their jobs have been replaced, and proven to be functional, should you even consider switching the workstations to Linux On the bright side, though, at this point no one will care what OS they're running, and some of them might not even notice.

    In short, starting from the point you're currently at, expect it to be AT LEAST a year before you're ready to start considering the server swap, and if all goes well AT LEAST another year before the workstations are switched over. YMMV, mostly depending on how much you apply yourself to learning to use and administer Linux. It isn't easy, but it is worth the effort.

    • First, absolutely and most definitely install as many administration GUI tools as you think are necessary - plus an additional 10%. Linux configuration is very powerful, but precisely for that reason it is NOT something the unwary should attempt. Webmin/Usermin or Linuxconf are good places to start.

      Second, DON'T try to convert everything in one day. Try to reproduce the working conditions of one computer - preferably a non-critical one - in every detail, just using Linux. Once you've done that, and you've i

  • don't fix it. *ESPECIALLY* if you don't know what you're doing.

    allow me to don my flame proof suit before continuing.

    i'll start with a little example to illustrate. i do a lot of prototyping of image processing algorithms. typically, this is done in matlab ($$$ and then some); however, the powers that be are not willing to buy a copy of matlab at present. i am therefore forced to work with octave. octave does about 80% of what i need. unfortunately, the remaining 20% is incredibly painful. i did a little nu
    • "how much will switching to linux cost in terms of lost productivity? the cost is non-trivial. if the cost per worker per year is greater than the cost of your current setup per worker per year, sticking with the m$ products makes the most business sense."

      The problem with this concept is that it is HIGHLY unlikely that the lost productivity cost will stay the same year after year - whereas the cost of Windows licenses and TCO WILL or will INCREASE.

      Assuming no great turnover percentage in a given company, if
  • by kosmosik ( 654958 ) <kos@kosmoMONETsik.net minus painter> on Tuesday September 13, 2005 @04:01PM (#13550878) Homepage
    I don't get it - you have already everything in place, you have server which - I assume - works. You have workstations which work but have some problems with malware (go fix those problems then). You have already paid for everything - so how exactly demolishing your current setup and installing Linux everywhere can work for you?

    1. It won't make you save money (on the short run) since you already bought everythink and Linux is not free as in beer also.
    2. It will be a lot of learning for you - without proper experience and knowledge your Linux installation will fail miserably - and spending time on learning, gaining experience also costs.
    3. Linux is not suitable everywhere (as any other operating system) - it works well in some areas. It does not work in others. For example for common office desktop use it simply lacks applications - sure there is office suite, mail client and web browser - but this is not all that common office needs - go examine what your users need to do their job done and check if there are some Linux equivalents - also mind that Linux software can also be costly (as in money).

    So with that in mind I think it is, a completely retarded idea to convert evertyhing to Linux.

    What I can suggest you is to pop in one Linux server box to you existing network - integrate it with Windows Networking and see what this baby can do for you. Constantly add features to it. Explore the world of its software - learn what can be done with Linux. Think of any purposes for this system, f.e.:

    1. File/print server.
    2. Web/application server.
    3. Database server.
    4. Backup server.
    5. Remote access server.
    6. Mail server.
    7. Lowend net infrastructure server (DNS/DHCP).

    Etc. etc. - see if any those roles can help you in your work, can help you save money and so on. Then after some time you will be able to *extend* your network, pop in some other Linux boxes, maybe even on desktop. And make Linux work for you where it is best suitable - but you must know yourself. Linux is completely different world.

    And also for more concrete information consult your distribution documentation - and for learning I think the best is task based aproach - so you give yourself a task and then explore to allow you to accomplish it. Like set up a web server.
    • "It won't make you save money (on the short run)"

      Exactly - it WILL save him money in the long run.

      Something wrong with thinking in the long run?

      However, your advice about phasing in Linux is sound. Obviously a rip and tear replacement without adequate planning is going to cause more problems than it solves. The operative phrase is "without adequate planning."
  • You want to know the easiest and fastest way to gain the experience necessary to do this?

    Sign up with no-ip to get yourself a (yourserver.no-ip.org) domain.

    Install whichever linux your research leans you toward (I recommend FreeBSD) on this machine.

    Now set up a workstation, with whatever distro your research leans you towards.

    Now pretend to be the user and the admin for a while. Given enough time you should be able to master this small set up and do a fairly decent job administering it.


  • Since you've actually used Macs before, you would gain some of the advantages of Linux + have some basis of knowledge with which to support these users if you replaced their machines with Macs.

    Additionally, you can continue to use Microsoft Office--like Windows, but no viruses.

    The hardware would cost more than using Linux to be sure--so do it a step at a time. I would replace the Win Server with Mac OS X Server running off of a low-power Xserve or a even a nice G5 tower; then replace the workstations as

  • If you want your users to save in the Microcrap Formates you can change it to automatically secture them just goto Tools->Options->Load/Save->General. I would also suggest using the OpenOffice 2.0 beta. I havnt seen any bugs in it and it run soooo nice much better then anything else ive ever used.
  • It really sounds like you need to secure the perimeter of your network, you don't have to put all of your users through hell to do it. Set up a nice stateful packet filter using Linux. I don't know what kind of business you operate, so I don't know what incoming servies you need to come nto your network. If you need some help setting up an iptables firewall, go read the manual here. [netfilter.org]

    The netfilter docs will get you started, and there is a more in depth tutorial which illustrates some of the fancie
  • Bad advice (Score:4, Funny)

    by Intron ( 870560 ) on Tuesday September 13, 2005 @05:47PM (#13551884)
    First off, recent Linux distros have become big, bloated and hard to learn. Save yourself a lot of trouble and go with Redhat 5.1.

    Second, many studies have shown that command line is more productive than GUI, so don't install X.

    You'll find that your users will love having a choice of software, instead of being locked into a single application.

    email: mail, elm or pine

    word processor: troff or LaTex

    web browsing: Lynx or wget

    The list goes on and on.
    Enjoy!
    • go with Redhat 5.1

      Surely you're joking. That distro hasn't been supported for at least five years. The lightest distro you will find supported today is Debian Woody, and it's slated for retirement soon.

      many studies have shown that command line is more productive than GUI

      That's probably true. I've had attorneys come to me and ask about using a system like LaTex for document production. While it's a lot of training and work up-front, it would definitely save effort in the long run.

      But the effort involved
    • First off, recent Linux distros have become big, bloated and hard to learn. Save yourself a lot of trouble and go with Redhat 5.1.

      What a half-baked idea. Because you have problems using a modern distro, why not use something that is 7 years old. Something not supported by anyone, and which there are no security updates available. No way is this a remotely good idea. You might as well install unpatched Windows 98 across the whole network. Come on, you honestly believe there hasn't been any improvements
    • I don't know what is funnier, the parent post or the responses taking it seriously.
  • Hey I'm a Mac whiz with Windows experience and I have taken many months to get where I am. I think it is a good move but not without the knowledge to take care of the business of doing it.

    I installed Linux at home as dual boot, playd with it; freaked over video drivers, install it again, then later again because I found another issue or distro... many many installs... ok, you will be re-installing a few times at first...:-) Also you will be getting used to using the terminal to run the configuration too


    • Never tell someone - especially a newbie - to use vi - or emacs.

      That shit has been obsolete for the last decade, except for die-hard UNIX dinosaurs and crazed developers who have their fingers glued to the keys of their keyboard and are too dumb to want to learn something new.

      I see my boss hunting and pecking with two fingers through vi every day and it drives me nuts. Just today I told him again, "Get jEdit! Use it!" Plus he uses sqlplus from the command line to connect to Oracle instead of SQLTools! Insan
      • Your point about vi not being newbie-friendly is good.

        Your point about it being utterly worthless "except for die-hard UNIX dinosaurs and crazed developers who have their fingers glued to the keys of their keyboard and are too dumb to want to learn something new" is entirely false.

        vi is small and mature enough to live on /, which makes it a lifesaver if something in /etc gets buggered and you can't mount /usr without fixing it. There, it is gold.

        vi is a sysadmin's friend. Not a newbie's.

        • Nowadays you boot a live CD and run any editor you want.

          This hoary old "vi is the only editor you can count on" crap is obsolete, too.

          Today there are a half dozen easier command line editors you can throw on a rescue floppy and a zillion you can put on a rescue CD.

          If you're working on a system that has only got vi to work with in an emergency - get a job on a real system. Obviously the sys admin has no clue.

          Besides, ninety nine percent of the time when you have to edit a config file, do you NEED a fancy edi
          • Nice job making your opinions sound like facts.

            Sure, there are countless command line editors I can put on a "rescue floppy" or "rescue CD". Neither of which is worth a damn without a 2-hour+ drive to the datacenter.

            If you want to trust "young" code on your root partition, be my guest. My sysadmin is a cynical, paranoid, and strikingly handsome guy who decided to expend the effort to learn vi and save some gas. I..err. he finds it MUCH easier to use than pico. Smaller and more mature, too.
  • The company that I work for, Versora, focuses on helping customers who aren't Linux experts with their migration. We provide software and services for Windows to Linux desktop and server migration. Have a look at our products:

    http://www.versora.com/products/ [versora.com]

    and services page:

    http://www.versora.com/services/ [versora.com]

    We have also published various white papers on some of the technical issues associated with migrating from Windows to Linux:

    http://www.versora.com/support/documentation.php [versora.com]


  • Just like many other posters here, I'm going to side with them when I say, "don't do it." I work for a company that sells Linux solutions. Together, the four of us have at least 45 years of Unix/Linux/FreeBSD experience. And I can tell you from some of the jobs that we've done, suddenly converting a decently-sized Windows office to an exclusively Linux one will end your career.

    We recently outfit a new office with an insanely fast Linux terminal server running KDE, Firefox, OpenOffice, the whole nine yards.

    • Sounds to me like your "Linux solutions" weren't sufficiently solutions...

      You didn't plan - or suggest to the company to plan - for new hires getting a Linux orientation? Did you think they were going to hire Linux experts - or even people with ANY Linux experience - to do clerical work?

      This sounded suspiciously like a troll post masquerading as a Linux supporter, except I clicked on the Web site link and I see you're running Slackware 8.1 - so you're not a Windows shill.

      What you should do is prepare a Lin

      • You didn't plan - or suggest to the company to plan - for new hires getting a Linux orientation? Did you think they were going to hire Linux experts - or even people with ANY Linux experience - to do clerical work?

        Yes, we did train them. Specifically, I trained them as part of my job in the project as a whole. Their work didn't require Linux training specifically (they never touch a command line), just familiarization with the KDE desktop and OpenOffice. They caught on remarkably well at first, but after th

        • Okay, if you did the job right in training them and THEN they got some bozo manager who's scared of learning something new, well, nothing you can do about it.

          Maybe you could go over the head of the new manager to her boss and suggest a support contract that would handle the trivial issues - or maybe some retraining to handle the issues that have arisen. If that didn't work, probably you might as well dump them, especially if they're going to dump you anyway and then badmouth you.

          However, it might still be u
        • Yes, we did train them. Specifically, I trained them as part of my job in the project as a whole. Their work didn't require Linux training specifically (they never touch a command line), just familiarization with the KDE desktop and OpenOffice. They caught on remarkably well at first, but after the new manager came on board and started her anti-Linux tirade, the employees followed suit and started calling us up for every trivial little question that they could have figured out by reading the docs, Googling,
  • Hi Charlie,
    1. First of all, grab Knoppix, [purdue.edu] burn it to a CD, and spend a few days (or a few weeks, whatever you feel comfortable with) playing with it. The base CD doesn't install anything to the hard drive, so you can't harm anything. This is a completely safe, non-intimidating way for you to initially get your feet wet.

    2. While you're exploring Knoppix, there are a few things to read which will really help you. This [tldp.org] will give you a very good introduction to Linux, in terms of a little history of the sy

    • I'd say he doesn't need any of that "Linux from scratch" stuff.

      Yes, he needs to get his head around the structure and layout of Linux, the file system hierarchy, the UNIX way of doing things with small, scriptable, linkable utilities, etc. But delving into writing his own init scripts and the like isn't immediately necessary.

      A good text on Linux administration such as the classic "UNIX System Administration Handbook" (or more properly the Linux edition) would go far to explaining things if he has real sys a
      • I'd say he doesn't need any of that "Linux from scratch" stuff.

        Why not? Because it isn't what all the other lemmings are doing?

        As he bangs along replicating the existing Windows system on Linux, he'll learn enough about Linux - and it will be knowledge he can apply directly to his work.

        Ah. Here we come to the central premise of your (well, actually I suspect it isn't *yours*, but anyway) argument. Heaven forfend that we simply allow Linux to be Linux. As we all know, the only legitimate, allowable use f

        • I call bullshit on all counts.

          He doesn't need "Linux from scratch" to set up one fucking server and some workstations. He's not a distro producer, he's an admin. He can do that crap later when he wants to deepen his knowledge of Linux. Telling him to do LFS is like telling an MCSE to write his own version of Windows. Bullshit.

          My point on replicating his Windows system was not to make Linux look like Windows, but to enable the office to continue doing what they're currently doing on Windows but in the Linux
          • This:
            http://www.gnu.org/software/sourceinstall/article. html [gnu.org]
            makes source installs on an RPM system somewhat easier.

            You can almost always get back to a pre-source install state by uninstalling (using the GUI), and then refreshing the RPMs.
          • He doesn't need "Linux from scratch" to set up one fucking server and some workstations. He's not a distro producer, he's an admin.

            No, he might not be a distro producer, but a couple of points:
            a) His life is likely to be a LOT easier as an admin if he has an intimate knowledge of the system he's using...where everything is, how it's set up, and so on. LFS will give someone that.

            b) Having at least some kind of knowledge of shell scripting is not only a prerequisite for LFS, but also definitely for being a

            • Okay, your post is much more reasonable. I apologize for any excessive responses in my earlier post.

              My point, which I think you underestimate, is that he really doesn't NEED to be an EXPERT Linux sys admin to make the conversion. It wouldn't hurt, of course, but it isn't an absolute requirement. And he DOES need to know a certain minimum to be a Linux sys admin at all.

              He can do all the things you suggest EVENTUALLY. I have no problem at all with that - I'd like to do all that myself if I had the time. All h
              • My point, which I think you underestimate, is that he really doesn't NEED to be an EXPERT Linux sys admin to make the conversion. It wouldn't hurt, of course, but it isn't an absolute requirement. And he DOES need to know a certain minimum to be a Linux sys admin at all.

                For something quick, and for only a few different types of usage, and in a scenario where he most likely does want the type of support that SuSE and such can offer, then yes, I agree.

                He can do all the things you suggest EVENTUALLY. I have no

                • Well, my point on the timetable is that he presumably would like to do this short of the two years some other people suggested he take to learn system administration under Linux.

                  Also keep in mind he DOES (supposedly) have a real job administering the Windows system, and presumably even with one server he's busy much of the time. So I don't think he needs to be loaded down with more training than he immediately needs.

                  If he could handle it, I've no problem with it - I just don't think it's necessary for being
  • The one thing I have never figured is how to replace a RAS (Remote Access Server) running under Windows. How DO windows users dial into a Samba network over the phone?

    Ed Almos
    • If memory serves, the Poptop project implements a Dial-in daemon that is compatible with Microsofts VPN implementation. Alternatively, you could use OpenVPN, which is more secure but requires client software on the remote machine.
    • like kylegordon says, Poptop is directly compatible with Microsoft VPN.

      It's of moderate difficult to setup, but once its done it just works.

      It's actually remarkably easy to setup a PPP server on Linux, if you know where to look :)

      This might help you start:
      http://poptop.sourceforge.net/dox/howto1.html [sourceforge.net]
  • Leave the users alone.

    The users don't give a shit at all what you run on the server, so long as it works. That's your domain, as long as they don't get hit with problems, that's your first step.

    On that server, you can do whatever you please. Installing additional stuff like CRM packages that integrate with what they have already is a great place to start. You will also have to train the users on this software. Something else you may or may not know how to do at the moment. Can't harm to hire a trainer thoug
  • As most people have mentioned, you are atleast two years out from a full migration (assuming your company does not acquire consultants/senior unix admins) so here are some thoughts..

    1. Learn all you can about Linux on your own test machines. There is a LOT of information out there (books, websites, user groups, classes, etc..) -- get as involved as you can. If possible, find a mentor that can help guide you. Unix/Linux is different from Windows and the mindset is different. You will run into many brick wall
  • I've actually had quite good success by taking a piecemeal approach to converting an office. Split the environment into server and desktop functionality. For each environment, create a test environment so that you can play, learn, make mistakes in and resolve potential show stoppers. Keep good documentation as to what you are doing.

    For each environment, see what you are running. SBS means you are running file and print services, email, (possibly) database, and (possibly) routing and firewall services. Setup
  • If you have no experience in some sort of unix, then dont even think about switching your company over.

    Spend enough time learning, to the point you dont need to ask how.

  • My path might take multiple months or longer - depending how much time you attach to it. But it will save you headaches down the road.

    1)Don't do a thing. I mean a thing on converting anything till you KNOW linux.

    2)Get into hardcore distros like Slackware (at first) or Gentoo.

    3)Install Linux From Scratch yourself. (LFS is a distro and you will learn from that experience).

    4)Set up a complete working environment from LFS with all the tools you need. Work on it and don't flirt with MS unnecessarily while yo
  • Here you go:

    1. Pick your distribution. The answer here is 'SuSE'. Enough Windows metaphors hold in the default SuSE environment that it will be easy to get used to.

    Plus, YaST makes most sorts of basic configuration tasks really, really easy.

    Also, make *sure* you buy SuSE. SuSE comes with excellent manuals in the box set. Any sort of user task that you can think of is covered in the user manual (burning a CD, hooking up a digital camera, SMB shares, NFS shares, printing sharing, the various web browser, Open

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