Open Source Africa 92
Toucan Sam writes, "This could be of some interest to those who see the Linux community as being reserved for the first world exclusively." This doesn't just apply to Africa, but it's good to see that some people are thinking internationally.
How about "it's a type of bird"? (Score:1)
Re:Some nitpicking (Score:1)
leeh-nucks? sounds like linnecks to me
What is Civilisation (Score:2)
For the record Civilization itself is a function of international communication and cross cultural mixing. In other words nobody got civilized by living alone.
To put that in perspective Europeans still lived in caves when Africans were building the pyramids. It was around the same time that the Chines were inventing Paper and Gunpowder. It's simply stupid arrogance to think that Europe invented everything or that civilization is a creation of any single race. In fact we would all be in the dark ages if people didn't link up.
You see the specific wealth and power of individual nations is transient at best. There was a time when Babylon was unstoppable. At another point Rome ruled the world. The Mongols also had a turn at bat, as did England. Today it's America, In 200 years it will probably be what is today a 3rd world country.
My bet is on India. South Africa also has a shot if they can get apartheid out of the mindset.
Re:Africa (Score:2)
For the record Civilization itself is a function of international communication and cross cultural mixing. In other words nobody got civilized by living alone.
To put that in perspective Europeans still lived in caves when Africans were building the pyramids. It was around the same time that the Chines were inventing Paper and Gunpowder. It's simply stupid arrogance to think that Europe invented everything or that civilization is a creation of any single race. In fact we would all be in the dark ages if people didn't link up.
You see the specific wealth and power of individual nations is transient at best. There was a time when Babylon was unstoppable. At another point Rome ruled the world. The Mongols also had a turn at bat, as did England. Today it's America, In 200 years it will probably be what is today a 3rd world country.
My bet is on India. South Africa also has a shot if they can get apartheid out of the mindset.
SA..... (Score:1)
(a) South Africans don't know when they're being ripped off!
I knew someone who hadn't bought a computer before, but needed two, for her kids to do their school projects and her husband and son to do their CAD applications. (They work for a design firm). Now, she was so adamant about buying a PIII, she didn't even consider the price difference between them and the AMD's, Celerons, etc!!!
(b) Lack of proper education.
When I was in high school, they were teaching TURBO PASCAL ON MS DOS 5.0 !!!! Even then it was outdated, but I'm truly shocked to hear that some schools in SA are still teaching it!!!!!!!! They should be teaching real technology: Zope, Python, Perl, Java, Linux, BSD, Cisco, Cyclades, FORTRAN, NT, Solaris, Tru 64 UNIX, OpenVMS, HP/UX, IRIX, Corel Certificate Maker, and C/C++.
(c)People who don't tolerate anything.
South Africans just don't accept anything accept the traditional, Afrikaans way of life. (Or Zulu, Xhosa, whatever the case may be). It seems the only ethnic group of the numerous ethnic groups here in SA that is even slightly broad-minded is mine - the English. Not that the other groups aren't nice people, they just don't like deviating from tradition.
-C.Villopillil
What does 'Third world' mean? (Score:1)
I've wondered about the etymology of these terms forever. And I've never found anyone that knows.
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Re:386's? (Score:1)
WTO and IMF (Score:2)
Reportedly, for example, state legislators in Maryland and Virginia are being sold on UCITA because they belief their adopting it will attract Silicon Valley-type businesses to their states. More typically, states and localities simply give tax breaks and other preferences.
Particularly in the so-called Third World, this capital dependency is accute. The recent Asian financial crisis resulted when capital stampeded out of their countries. We often read about how the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is applying doses of "financial medicine" to various countries in order to "restore investor confidence" in them. We rarely read about how investors are disciplined in order to "restore labor confidence" or anything like that.
In other words, we all dance to capital's tune.
Software and information technology are central to capital development because re-engineering plays a vital role in the modern economy. Information technology makes all these restructuings and downsizings that we read about feasible. For example, Ivar Jacobson's _The Object Advantage: Business Process Reengineering with Object Technology_ explores this on the micro scale.
So software - or business software at least - functions as encapsulated capital. Open source software therefore functions as the free transfer of capital.
This free transfer, in turn, reduces the need of either developing communities or developing countries to bargain themselves down in order to obtian capital. They can generate their own, thank you very much.
Information Access & Connectivity (Score:3)
Still, on a slightly lighter note, here is some stuff on the other problem that Africa faces beyond software and hardware costs which is connectivity. If you don't have a pipe then your computing options are extremely limited. If you look at The Project for Information Access and Connectivity [piac.org] (especially the Internet Status at Feasibility Study Universities [piac.org] table) you will see that most large universities are still trying to get by on a 64k (or worse) internet connection. Not totally optimal.
However, there does seem to be quite a strong move to address this problem, namely the Africa One [afbis.com] submarine fibre optic cable project. This is a 30,000 km fibre-optic ring that will encircle the continent "by the year 2000" (I don't know of the current status although it is seems that Lucent [lucent.com] is now involved) with 32 main pipes from the ring into coastal landing points.
Once this system is in place and local governments (hopefully) see the benefits of extending the pipes in-land then we should see a massive increase in the African Internet population and yes I am pretty sure that Linux will be one of the technologies that makes this possible.
Re:How? (Score:2)
I would agree.   South Africa is considered by the WTO and most of the world as being a fully industrized (not developing) country (eg., they have nuclear power, nuclear weapons, etc.), no different than most European countries.  I would expect that majority of the use of Linux would occur there first and spread via the OAU to major cities in places like Zimbawe, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal, Ethiopia,and Kenya.   For example, TUCOWS (a major Linux distributor), has locations in South Africa, Zimbawe, Ivory Coast, Mozambique, Kenya, and Egypt.   And if you go to this link [linux.org], you will note that there are *9* South African Linux Users groups listed and here [linux.org] you will see that there are 4 LUGs in Egypt.   There are Linux references (link and "counter") for Zimbabwe [icon.co.zw], Ethiopia [li.org], Sierra Leone [li.org], Togo [li.org], et. al.   I also expect that they are also already big users of the *BSDs right now.
Note that with many of those countries, you have 2 classes - the very wealthy, who have access to everything including the net, and the poor.   The continent is not what Hollywood or the National Geographic has portrayed it as being.   Once the colonial puppets are finally booted out and the continent stablizes a bit, you'll have a near 1 billion person potential market there, and a number of large businesses have already considered this fact and are opening up shop there.
Re:Great News! (Score:1)
Re:What does 'Third world' mean? (Score:2)
The first world was the United States, the western European nations, and their allies. The second world was the communist USSR, the eastern European nations, and their allies. The third world was the African and Asian nations that were neutral.
Re:What about America ... (Score:1)
Yeah, and the African-Americans have had a HUGE impact on computer technology in the U.S.
"...the Portugese, Dutch and British occupations were ages ago." Ages? I guess if you define last decade, in the case of South Africa as being 'ages ago'. The Dutch presence is still strong there and the infrastructure they setup is still in place.
As for Brazil, the Portugese bloodline is alive and well in that country, even though they are independent. The default language of the country is Portugese for fuck's sake. They are Portugese people that happen to live in Brazil.
Granted, India hasn't been occupied for a while, but under the right circumstances they are a very productive race. Indians in America tend to do very well for themselves while most live in squalor in their home country. I believe that to be a political problem with India's government as opposed to a problem with the people.
"How do you think that has any connection to the amount of silicon and fibre-optic in these countries?" Well, in South America, the telecommunications industry is subsidized by the governments. And labor is EXTREMELY cheap over there. I actually have worked with many companies that export to South America (I live in Miami) and they are behind us. The vast majority of South Americans are still using 486 and P5 machines.
As for China, I never mentioned them. My post was a response to someone else who mentioned the countries in question.
Re:Africa (Score:1)
Yeah, if the world was not flat, then you would be wrong... Wait, you are!
"Brazil (populated by the Portugese), South Africa (populated by the Dutch) and India (occupied by the British for decades) are all large consumers of computing technology and are relatively well-integrated into the Internet."
It seems to me you have missed some of those NG specials (or had you switched to Jerry Springer instead?). See how much influence the British have in the shaping of the technological economy in India and then come back talk to us. And WRT to the Afrikaaner in SA , if they had their way SA would be just one huge plantation/gold mine operated by black slave labor. Quite progressive that, eh?
Re:What about America ... (Score:1)
Definitely, Talisman, you should go through those National Geographic specials again, because your knowledge of contemporary geography is sorely lacking. The Brazilian are no more Portuguese than the Mexican are Spanish, that is, apart from the language and a very strong cultural influence in their colonial past, both countries owe more, culturally speaking, to the mixture of ethnicities that took place there, than to this purported benign civilizing effort by European powers.
But despite all you geographical ineptitude, the point that people should be tearing apart in your comment is: wht the hell is your problem with people in Africa making a sound, both from a technological and economical point of view, decision in the shaping of thein computational infrastructure? You think maybe going through all stages that more industrialized and affluent societies went would avail them much? Or do you not think it is a smart move to try to play catch up tackling what's currently leading edge technology?
Get off your high horse and walk a while in the fields. You may learn somthing.
Re:What does 'Third world' mean? (Score:1)
The second world was the former Soviet bloc. The term ~third world~ was used to designate the non-aligned nations movement, started by the likes of Tito (Yugoslavia), Nehru (india) and Nasser (Egypt), which congregated nations that did not side with either the US or the USSR in the cold war era. The term stick, even after the downfall of the Soviet empire, and now designates the "non-industrialized" (another misnomer) developing nations in South America, Africa and Asia.
Incidentally, what makes you think we're all in the firsat world? Slashdot is a big place, now :-)
Free Microsoftware for Subsaharan Africa? (Score:2)
Microsoft Jumpstarts Subsaharan Africa
Seattle, WA (UIP)
In a startling business move with profound geopolitial ramifications, Microsoft founder, Bill Gates, today announced a moratorium on the enforcement of Microsoft's copyrights within Subsaharan Africa for at least the next 10 years. "The struggling nations of Subsaharan Africa need to leapfrog into the global internet economy and bypass the stages of economic development that have, historically, destroyed indigenous cultures and their ecologies." said Mr. Gates as his wife, former President Bill Clinton, Craig McCaw, Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal, South African President Nelson Mandella and Zulu historian Credo Muthwa [animals.co.za] looked on. He continued, "The wanton rape of the environment and tribal societies is perhaps beyond hope elsewhere in the world, but Africa still possesses much of the deepest heritage of mankind. It is not too late to protect it from modernization. Postmodern economies can leapfrog and preempt such destruction."
Craig McCaw also announced, "We are pleased to announce unlimited access to Iridium [iridium.com]/Teledesic [teledesic.com] internet satellites within Subsaharan Africa for the duration of Mr. Gate's moratorium. Our satellite infrastructure is underutilized in the Southern Hemisphere generally, and Subsaharan Africa in particular. This will be a small investment with tremendous global benefits."
Mr. Gates announced additional endowments from the his private foundation to provide ground stations for McCaw's internet satellites and thin client PC's with access to computer-based training for African school districts. In a move labeled by many pundits as "eccentric" Gates targeted his largest endowment, $1 billion to The Bonobo Protection Fund [gsu.edu]. The Bonobo Protection fund will install an enormous array of cameras and microphones throughout the entire ecological range of the Bonobos in the Congo and Zaire. Real time unedited multimedia feeds of Bonobo social dynamics will become available around the world on the internet. These raw data streams are expected to make their way into academic institutions, but also the entertainment industry. Bids are already coming in from various internet pay per view channels on the theory that natural Bonobo social behavior will serve a viewing public that has come to expect primitive primate behavior on everything from talk shows to political debate. The profits of "Bonobo TV" are expected to pay for policing of the habitat as well as maintaining the array of sensors. The policing will be aided by the video cameras which are expected to provide unprecedented security for the Bonobo habitat against intrusion by careless or hostile humans.
Re:The article (Score:2)
First off, I'd like to thank you for your usage of "developing nation". It's just as bad as calling it a third world country. It is ironic that the banner on the page I'm tying this is for IBM "moving at the speed of e-business", for that is exactly my point. The speed of e-business does not vary based upon your time zone, nationality, or geographic location. To say that tech people in the reigons of Africa, Eastern Europe, or Latin America have more time to spend installing linux is ludicrous. To say that, as I believe AC has said, time is not as valuble in any country besides "developed" nations is also ridiculous. There are 24 hours in each person's day around the world, and each minute is as valuable to one person as the next.
We cannot write off other nations or give them second rate or our discarded products because we believe they have the time to fiddle with them. If the USA's seemingly infinite tech structure can't deal with 486s and Linux, what makes one think that they will be welcomed in another country? An old computer is not necessarily better than no computer at all. This has been pointed out to be by people at schools who don't want old hardware donations from the company I work at. It's better to buy new equipment to teach people on, and it's worth every penny in support hassles.
Over 50% of the world's population has never made a phone call. Should we make a direct leap onto the internet for them? I would imagine that a graphical Linux on capable, stripped down for cost hardware would be an excellent en masse computing solution. Linux, a Celeron, 32mb RAM, 3gb HD, small graphics card is all it takes. Shipping 486s all over the place is not the solution.
Time is what you make of it, not what other people tell you it's worth!
Re:Africa (Score:1)
Re:386's? (Score:2)
Steven E. Ehrbar
Great News! (Score:2)
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Re:How? (Score:1)
The article (Score:3)
My point is, though, that taking the cultural differences between the Westen world and the "less devleoped countries" into account, the social culture of the latter suits the Linux uuser profile much more.
Let me expand: In the recent article in the Boston Globe, which provoked a strong reaction from the
This is a true much more for a technically competent person in the Western world than in developing countries - there the time is just not as valuable. Hence in Russia, fo instance, even with the lack of good network connections, Linux is a lot more popular than one expects.
Thanks
Re:Great News! (Score:1)
Re:Great News! (Score:1)
Some nitpicking (Score:1)
Not quite. "Linux" is pronounced more like "leeh-nucks", definitely with a long "i", not the often-heard "linnecks" or even "lie-necks". Also, note there's a "u", don't replace it with an "e".
Linus himself saying it:
http://www2.cybercities.com/~jr ocho/faqs/english.au [cybercities.com]
Re:Great News! (Score:1)
The only people living there are research scientists, and they probably do pretty well financially.
Re:Africa (Score:2)
Sheesh.
FYI, civilisation doesn't begin and end in North America. South America, Africa and Asia may be in less than ideal conditions, but aren't all just primitive jungles either; Brazil, South Africa and India are all large consumers of computing technology and are relatively well-integrated into the Internet.
So lay off the bigotry, for a change.
Re:Great News! (Score:1)
In natural resources such as uranium, gold, diamonds, etc. it is actually a tremendously rich continent. So how can the people use the wealth to quit killing each other?
Re:Futher proof of the inevitability of Linux (Score:1)
Bad example. These countries are still 3rd world and stuck in profound poverty.
However I do remember the results of isolationism and protectionism, when in the 70's the US auto industry, protected from imports by import teriffs became complacent. Without significant competition the big 3, churned out flaming Pinto's and low quality cars that fell apart in 5 years or less.
I see the MS DOJ case as important because if MS is allowed to compete unfairly it is the same as protectionism. I have encountered many times the attitude amongst the general population that MS's and Intel's virtual monoply is good for the US since it allows the US to dominate the computer industry. Sorry wrong answer. The rest of the world will move on, and innovation will come from somewhere else and the US will play catch up again.
If anything history clearly shows that advancement, innovation and economic growth springs from an environment that is both free and fair.
What a minute I am way off topic. Oh well.
This shows something much more important, IMHO (Score:2)
Linux will be influential in Africa, not because of its logo, its mints, or its rebellious nature. It'll be influential because it's the right tool for the right job. Nothing more and nothing less.
I think this article has a lot to say, even if on the surface it doesn't. I think it says that Africans are fed up of being spoon-fed other people's ideas of what a solution should be, and are willing to pick up the challange of finding out what's right for them.
Yes, a lot of readers of Slashdot have probably come to the same conclusion. But a lot won't have. There will always be people who use a tool, or buy a product, purely because of the label. To have an entire continent wake up and realise the label isn't worth a damn thing, and that it's the product you're buying, is absolutely staggering!
It's very rare to get that kind of enlightenment, even in "technically advanced" countries, such as the US, Europe or Japan. Nike can charge up to a thousand times as much as anyone else, and get away with it, because people crave the labels. It wouldn't even matter if the shoes fell apart if you tried to wear them. People would still clamour for them. Most people are sheep.
But here's an entire continent that's poised to evolve from sheep to genuinely aware, sentient beings. Anthropologists claim humans evolved from apes. Personally, I think the process went in reverse for the brain. But if we're finally going to see self-aware, competent humans, that will be a great day indeed!
Re:Futher proof of the inevitability of Linux (Score:1)
Hold on to your hats everyone, and don't forget where your towel is.
Tux is a penguin already (Score:1)
How about: "It's a penguin" already.
StrawberryFrog, Living in Cape Town, Africa, Currently wearing a tshirt with a large Penguin (tux) on it, thinking of the large, noisy and ever-growing colony of Jackass penguins on a beach near here.
See
http://www.wcape.school.za/mickle/penguins/jack
http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/Envfacts/facts/peng
Wait a minute... noisy Jackass penguins? As seen on slashdot?
Re:Being poor doesn't mean being ignorant (Score:1)
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This what Free Software is all about (Score:1)
So Thanks to RMS and the FSF who designed and formalised how to protect Free Software and let it grow and improve.
386's? (Score:1)
Yeah, right. What recent version of Linux will run on a 386 with maybe 8 Meg of RAM (but probably only 4) *and* fit on that under 528M hard drive that's the biggest thing the mobo's BIOS will take? I've got some old hardware I'd like re-use. Anybody know where I can pick up a copy of "Linux for BoatAnchors"?
Re:Linux gaining momentum in South Africa (Score:1)
It does happen - I know a company in Johannesburg that specialises in remote admin for some U.S. clients. Their prices are very competitive because of the exchange rate and they work in shifts to provide a round-the-clock service.
But more often what actually happens is that S African programmers get tired of a) being paid $1100 per month or less b) treated like sh*t in the workplace and c) the crime levels in the country and so they emigrate to the U.S., Canada, the U.K. or Australia. Those are skills that this country can ill afford to lose.
Re:Africa (Score:1)
There are actually more written Languages in Africa than in Europe. Africa has several alphabets too.
It is worth noting that Egyptian Hieroglyphics are one of the oldest known written languages.
Re:Yeah, that'll be it! (Score:1)
No. Just for info, at least Switzerland, Luxemburg, Denmark and Norway have richer people.
For Norway, this is mainly due to huge natural resources (gas, oil, fishing), _plus_ a very clever management of these resources,
Switzerland and Luxemburg are wealthy mostly thanks to foreign and illegitimate money poured in their black holes usually called "banks".
I don't know of any obvious structural explanation for Denmark.
Re:Linux gaining momentum in South Africa (Score:1)
Re:SA..... (Score:1)
I graduated in 97/98. In my junior year, the only classes that were offered were Basic/Qbasic. When a faction of computer-related students approached the administration about the inadequacies of their 'computer programming curriculum' they saw things our way. They only saw fit to add Pascal and C++. There's still much room for improvement, but it's not much different in a lot of places here in the U.S.
I knew someone who hadn't bought a computer before, but needed two, for her kids to do their school projects and her husband and son to do their CAD applications. (They work for a design firm). Now, she was so adamant about buying a PIII, she didn't even consider the price difference between them and the AMD's, Celerons, etc!!!
When you go shopping, you don't expect the comparisons to hop into your lap. Unless you're saying that resellers hide this information to get you to buy the more expensive products. But research is important.
Also, they have older hardware (Score:1)
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the horrors of plagariasm (Score:1)
Re:Being poor doesn't mean being ignorant (Score:1)
Excactly. The infrastructure we're used to in the west just isn't there. I saw somewhere that 2/3 of the worlds population have never made a phonecall in their life, and that probably applies especially to the poorer countries. So even though Pakistan can produce sophisticated technology, that technology is only available to a very small percentage of Pakistanis. Same with some African countries, even if they can hook up to the internet, it isn't much use to those who don't have access to telephones, or even electricity.
Gummi
Being poor doesn't mean being ignorant (Score:2)
The problem is making that technology available to the people in those countries. Open Source can make a big contribution to that end, by allowing low-cost technical education.
Of course, basic education is still the biggest problem. Pencils and notebooks are more needed than computers in the poorest countries.
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Server haven (Score:1)
Is there anyone in Africa who would like to start a server haven? Is there a way to rent or buy access to a server with good bandwidth in Africa? Is there a country which is especially immune to pressures from copyright laws?
Futher proof of the inevitability of Linux (Score:2)
Re:386's? (Score:1)
There are a bunch of "micro" Linuxes out there that are designed to run entirely on a floppy like Trinux [trinux.org], although they recommend at least 12MB RAM...   There's also the Linux Router Project [linuxrouter.org] and FreeSCO [freesco.org] for using Linux as a router (which is what alot of the old 386s and 486s are used for).   For a list of full blown distributions, you can go here [dmoz.org].   This is pretty cool.
Re:Linux gaining momentum in South Africa (Score:1)
Nice article, but not worth reading (Score:1)
News must be scarce on a weekend
Linux gaining momentum in South Africa (Score:4)
Just to put some things in perspective:
* South Africa has more telephone lines than the rest of Africa put together yet our national telephone penetration is about 8 per 100 inhabitants.
* A 64 kilobit permanent connection to the Net here costs roughly $1000 per month.
* The telephone operator is a government-enforced monopoly which is partly owned by SBC and Telekom Malaysia
* The exchange rate of the South African Rand to the U.S. $ is about 6:1
What has all this to do with software? Quite a bit actually. The more costs you can get rid of the better, and Linux has shown itself time and again in this market to be cheaper, less expensive to run and completely free from the local piracy issues we read about on a more or less permanent basis here. This is also an extremely price-sensitive market, almost but not quite as sensitive as India. :)
Currently the most IT spend in the country is done by the top 100 companies but that is swinging quickly to the hundreds of thousands of SMEs. When they take the biggest piece of the IT spending pie, then Linux will become an even more popular choice for those businesses.
Microsoft in South Africa is a pretty slick operation but they've made their cock-ups. I sat in on a seminar for teachers once when the local MS salesperson threatened them all with death unless they paid full price for NT, Office and some other products. There were quite a few Linux converts that day
Check out this site [lpa.org.za] for the local Linux umbrella body which IMHO is doing an excellent job of promoting the OS. As an example, South Africa's equivalent of Comdex attracted about 50 000 visitors last year. The local Linux lads managed to sell in the region of 15 000 RedHat and Suse distros during the show - which means nearly 1 in 3 visitors walked away with Linux on CD.
Koalas? In Africa? (Score:1)
Penguins often get caught by sea currents and wash up in the beaches of Africa, South America, Australia, and Southern Hemisphere islands.
Yes, penguins can be found in the wild in Africa. But not in North America. Perhaps gringos should consider a new Linux mascot, to be used exclusively in their continent...
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very nice (Score:1)