The Debian System Explained 281
An anonymous reader writes "XYZComputing has a great interview with Martin F. Krafft, the author of "The Debian System". From the article: 'Despite Debian GNU/Linux's important role in today's computing environment, it is largely misunderstood and oftentimes even discounted as being an operating system which is exclusively for professionals and elite users. In this book Krafft, explains his concept of Debian, which includes not only the operating system but also its underpinnings. Debian is not only a robust and scalable Linux distribution, but it has many other features which are worth looking into, like its open development cycle and rigorous quality control.'"
Debian has always been the best (Score:5, Informative)
Re:Debian has always been the best (Score:3, Insightful)
yeah, but you can't really search for packages (Score:2, Troll)
Re:yeah, but you can't really search for packages (Score:2)
Re:yeah, but you can't really search for packages (Score:2)
Re:yeah, but you can't really search for packages (Score:5, Informative)
Then, to look for something like... libvorbis, I would just have to do this:
And it returns this:
Easy as pie.
Harsh (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Debian has always been the best (Score:3, Informative)
They promised to keep xfree86 in the stable "sarge" release, and that's what they did. The next release will have Xorg though. And everyone can run it right now, you don't have to wait. I'm running Xorg 6.9.0 on my debian box.
Re:Debian has always been the best (Score:2)
Re:The best, maybe, but installation? (Score:3, Informative)
Ubuntu is basically Debian, so I don't know if I would do a clean install to switch. If your having performance problems make sure your not using the default kernel that installs, go ahead and use APT to upgrade to the 686 or K7 kernel to take advantage of your CPU. It should be very easy to do.
What graphics card do you have that is giving you trouble? If it's ATI I can probably help.
Regarding Gentoo, i
Re:The best, maybe, but installation? (Score:3, Informative)
This is important if you want to compile your own 2.6 kernel later since there a lot of 2.4 specific packages (modutils, etc.) that you won't be able to use if y
Timeline in perspective (Score:2, Insightful)
I'm sure he makes many important contributions but, wow, people tell me that I'm
Re:Timeline in perspective (Score:2, Interesting)
I still have the reports I sent to them as part of the beta testing, and mind you, even now they are everything but childish. But they clearly come from someone who was used to administering nets for 50-or-so users with Netware, and Netware wasn't the direction th
Debian in a Nutshell... (Score:5, Funny)
Ah, it is still good though.
Re:Debian in a Nutshell... (Score:2)
I have recently switched to Debian-based (Ubuntu on the desktop now, ran Sarge prior to that for several months). The system documentation is quite detailed and exhaustive. Also, it's not just for the expert user--the system is clear enough for even casual users to get a handle on quickly.
Debian speaks for itself and i
All I know is... (Score:5, Informative)
Re:All I know is... (Score:2, Funny)
Pun intended?
Re:All I know is... (Score:3, Informative)
-matthew
Re:All I know is... (Score:4, Informative)
apt-get install cupsys cupsys-driver-gimpprint cupsys-client cupsys-pt
http://localhost:631/ [localhost]
Login as root and setup a printer.
Or is the problem finding the right device to use?
-matthew
As interesting as the technology (Score:5, Insightful)
I wonder how long it will be before the business schools start to take notice of successful open source projects and learn a bit about management.
Is Debian a fad? (Score:2, Interesting)
slackware, red hat, suse and now debian. Looked at Gentoo a bit but stuck with Debian.
Re:Is Debian a fad? (Score:2, Insightful)
(-:
Re:Is Debian a fad? (Score:3, Insightful)
Debian (Woody) -> SuSE -> Ubuntu -> SuSE.
Debian Woody was NOT the right distro for somebody to start out on Linux with. I thought I had mis-installed it when all I got was a command line- I didn't know I had to startx. So I went to SuSE and ran with that for a year and a half. When my HDD crapped out, I thought I would give Ubuntu a try, and it stayed with me a couple of months. It was nice, but suspending was a ***** and OpenSuSE 10.0 finally became usable.
Other Distros (Score:4, Interesting)
I'm not an admin - outside of my own hacking at home. But, help me out here, is Debian more of an enterprise-admin friendly-scalable distro than, say, RedHat Enterprise?
From what I've seen between various distros(No Debian), there's their add-ons (desktop add-ins, installation software, etc...), and then there's just Linux, XFree86, and all of the GNU software stuff. Is Debian that much better whe it comes for day to day operations?
Re:Other Distros (Score:3, Insightful)
It depends on your definition of "enterprise". And it really depends on the admin. For your typical, point-and-click, illiterate computer monkey "enterprise" admin who only knows enough to install updates, reinstall the entire OS, and call for outside help, RedHat is perfect. In fact, it appears that this is RedHat's primary market.
For admins who know what they're doing and can invest time in making their jobs eas
Re:Other Distros (Score:2)
Re:Other Distros (Score:3, Insightful)
Build tarballs?
In an enterprise environment?
You must be kidding.
Red Hat has lots of tools that make deployment quick and easy, *especially* for the admins who know their stuff.
Re:Other Distros (Score:5, Informative)
Well-tested, stable packages with no dependency issues or known security bugs and security patches, yes. Proprietary tools? No. Debian strictly follows the Debian Free Software Guidelines, which means that anything in their distro any other distro could just take. I can't really speak for everything you need in an enterprise setup but as a home server & remote X desktop it is excellent.
Re:Other Distros (Score:2)
Hahaha...Don't lie.
Shhhhhhhh!! (Score:5, Funny)
Windows is the choice people! Windows is the best, trust me. Debian is rubbish!
Re:Shhhhhhhh!! (Score:2)
well, if you think Debian is getting too mainstream, there's always the wil
Re:Shhhhhhhh!! (Score:2)
Or Debian Hurd [debian.org].
Re:Shhhhhhhh!! (Score:2)
Re:Shhhhhhhh!! (Score:2)
Re:Shhhhhhhh!! (Score:2)
or gentoo...
Huh? (Score:2, Interesting)
This sort of thing reminds me of Joel Spolski's opinion on advertising:
The idea of advertising is to lie without getting caught. Most companies, when they run an advertising campaign, simply take the most unfortunate truth about their company, turn it upside down ("lie"), and drill that lie home [joelonsoftware.com]
If Debian is so scalable, why does it take them so much longer than any other OS vendor to simply do a release? How comes the software even i
Re:Huh? (Score:2, Insightful)
"scalable" does not mean from the developer's view, but from the user's view.
When reading the interview, I would guess: neither would Krafft call it "Wonder OS".
Re:Huh? (Score:4, Insightful)
just sayin'...
Re:Huh? (Score:2)
Re:Huh? (Score:2)
A more apt interpretation might be something like, "a distro which can be installed on everything from small embedded systems to large NUMA machines with minimal hassle" or "a distro which which can install on eleven (11) architectures using the same installer and with virtually all packages installable on each."
Re:Huh? (Score:2)
+Pun on use of the word 'apt'. Have a nice day.
Re:Huh? (Score:2)
What does robustness have to do with how many people do the security updates?
Re:Huh? (Score:2)
I like Debian because it's free as in beer. Seriously. You mention Red Hat as an alternative, but Red Hat is really oriented toward people who are willing to pay for various services associated with the OS. I'm not aware of any noncommercial Linux or BSD system that's anywhere near as solid and easy
Re:Huh? (Score:2)
That was a fine, fine troll there. You managed to *sound* knowledgeable, intelligent, and empassioned without being crude and obvious! You even worked up some righteous indignation to cover for your logical errors. You are truly a professional in your field...
which is obviously not systems administration, development, design, or support.
And, if that wasn't a troll... I suggest you get yourself some warm milk and a blanket, and boot back into Windows XP.
Debian rocks -- The book less so (Score:5, Informative)
I've been reading Martin's book (it cost me $30), and unless the second half has a lot more in it than the first half does, there's not much there that an experienced user of Debian doesn't already know. So if you're already an experienced Debian user, the news is good: you already probably understand a lot more than you think you do! If you're not already experienced with Debian, what are you waiting for?
Re:Debian rocks -- The book less so (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Debian rocks -- The book less so (Score:2)
1. Is apache 2's layout covered? I understand it, because it's intuitive to me because I've been working with huge numbers of virtual hosts for years, but many of my friends/coworkers get confused by the whole sites-enabled/sites-available thing.
2. Is it covered that apache and apache2 can coexist and the gotchas of such a setup?
3. Do you cover the areas where sysadmins can get bitten? For instance, if I have hundreds of gigs and mil
Re:Debian rocks -- The book less so (Score:3, Insightful)
Debian unstable is good only for non production workstations. Specifically it doesn't have security updates; it will be in a more or less broken state most of the time (which may or may n
Great book, too bad about the software (Score:5, Interesting)
That said, I spent most of 2005 running Debian Unstable and Debian Testing on different systems and ended up finding both overrated and generally a disappointmennt. Debian was too demanding of time and needed seemingly endless fiddling around and careful management. It also took a lot of time to set up, though admittedly that is a one-off when an installation is still fresh. More important, the Debian developer community seemed shot through with an obsession with doing things the Debian way, with college-level debates (aka rows), with considerable disdain for new users and with frankly pretty obscure things of little interest to many in the everyday world. Overall, I began to wonder if some of these guys would recognize an end-user if they fell over one and my faith in the Debian way rapidly dwindled.
None of this should detract from Krafft's achievement, though. It's a heck of a good thing to have done. I do find it a little odd that he should recommend that new users try Ubuntu rather than Debian. One is tempted to ask: what's the problem whereby they can't use Debian, then?
For myself, I've now gone back to another distro. It's pretty nearly as capable as Debian, with the difference that its devs are technical experts who confine themselves to delivering what works. A distro that puts out for its users without striking tiresome poses or co-opting its users into politics of some kind is much the more preferable, for me at least.
Re:Great book, too bad about the software (Score:2, Informative)
> rather than Debian. One is tempted to ask: what's the problem whereby they
> can't use Debian, then?
I try to answer this question in the introduction of my book, section "Target audience". You can obtain the first chapter from http://debiansystem.info/about [debiansystem.info] . Now I hope you guys aren't going to kill my server.
Re:Great book, too bad about the software (Score:3, Informative)
I recommend Ubuntu to new users of Linux because in my experience, most of them were just that: new users who wanted to read their email, author documents, and use their laptops power management at night. Sure, all of this is very possible with Debian, but IME not really for the newbie.
Here, Ubuntu has done a good job at making Debian more accessible. That is all. And being accessible to the Linux newbie just isn't "Debian's plac
Re:Great book, too bad about the software (Score:4, Insightful)
If you really want to use the latest software, why not use Ubuntu? They do all the fiddling for you.
Re:Great book, too bad about the software (Score:3, Interesting)
Actually, that's the perfect example of why Debian doesn't work for everyone, for stictly my two cents. Not every user is in it to be hectored (an obsession with the Debian way, in full caps) or treated
Re:Great book, too bad about the software (Score:3, Funny)
Lol. I'd like it from Scarlett Johansson or even Allison Janney but not alas from your average geek.
Re:Great book, too bad about the software (Score:2)
The very fact that a Debian developer has written a book on how the Debian "System" works shows, in a very clear way, that the project has terrible documentation.
They have what amount to rough drafts. Disorganized and out of sync with the system. Nothing like the FreeBSD handbook, or the OpenBSD man pages (Linux man pages are the antithesis of Unix man pages.) In OpenBSD's case, a man page update is mandatory when the
Debian best (Score:2, Informative)
Re:laptop/wifi (Score:2)
The Community Sucks (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:The Community Sucks (Score:5, Funny)
Re:The Community Sucks (Score:2)
Re:The Community Sucks (Score:2)
You need to install Gentoo!
[/troll]
Debian is for hackers; Ubuntu is for users (Score:3, Informative)
-russ
Re:Debian is for hackers; Ubuntu is for users (Score:2, Interesting)
It is my experience, that Debian is no harder to learn and use than Ubuntu. Ububtu has some polish "out of the box" that Debian doesn't, but really they are not that different.
Re:Debian is for hackers; Ubuntu is for users (Score:2)
-russ
Debian Based (Score:2)
So, big problem if multiple distro's are waiting on the primary distro for a package with only 2 guys maintaining it, and they have been MIA.
Re:Debian Based (Score:2, Informative)
Re:Debian Based (Score:2)
Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad (Score:4, Insightful)
Cross-platform compatibility is essential [cr.yp.to]. If the upstream Apache maintainers say Apache can be stopped with apachectl stop, Debian should damn well support this interface. I don't care if they provide /etc/init.d/httpd stop in addition, but they should support the standard interface. This makes life infinitely simpler for people who deal with many different systems---they don't have to keep relearning things. It also makes things simpler for people offering support to Apache users.
The tremendous benefits of cross-platform compatibility come from a package's interface being exactly the same on every system. It is a relatively minor benefit for different packages to have similar interfaces. Breaking cross-platform compatibility, as Debian does, for the sake of cross-package similarity is a horrible idea.
I should point out that I'm picking on Debian here because they are especially bad about this, but almost every major Linux distribution is guilty of unncessarily violating cross-platform compatibility in some way.
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad (Score:4, Informative)
Contrast this with DJB's crackheaded
An alternative is to forsake the shared library cache alltogether, and maintain an ever-growing collection of PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH, etc, environmental variables. If I enjoyed hammering nails through my dick in this way, I'd swich to Solaris where this insanity seems to be accepted.
Hey, maybe I should I just switch to Windows, where the solution to this problem is for every app to ship private copies of the shared libraries that it requires in the same directory as its binaries, wasting disk space and causing uncounted security problems...
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad (Score:2, Insightful)
I will say though that Debian was the first distro that I ever used and I was deep into it for 2 years. It was smoking on my pentium pro at the time. =) I absolutely loved apt-get but eventually I got sick of fighting with the system.
I'm running Gentoo now.
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad (Score:3, Interesting)
i'm a huge fan of djb [cr.yp.to]'s work, and i use his software [cr.yp.to] (and i use Debian), but quoting his theories about cross-platform compatibility as support for your argument is pretty weak. djb's strong suit is his technical and mathematical rigor, not his infamous interpersonal skills.
For those of us who maintain more than a handful of machines, cross-package similarity is a real and significant advantage:
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad (Score:2, Interesting)
You're misunderstanding me. I'm not saying Debian shouldn't add man pages, or make the documentation for package foo available under the name /usr/share/doc/foo, or generally enhance the cross-package interface of their packages. All the power to them. What I'm saying is that if, by default, openssl installs its configuration files in /usr/local/ssl, and Debian wants to put them in /
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad (Score:3, Insightful)
So they don't clutter up my
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad (Score:2, Informative)
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad (Score:2, Interesting)
How, pray tell, would one measly symlink
viola
Re:Modifying packages to conform to FHS = bad (Score:3, Insightful)
$ ls -l
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2006-01-11 02:53 bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2005-10-04 11:30 doc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 2006-01-11 02:52 include ->
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2006-01-11 02:52 lib
drwxr-xr-x 61 root root 4096 2006-01-11 02:
Agree (Score:2)
Don't get me wrong, I hate Debian, but only because it is the only OS installed on my machines. I couldn't live with the rest, because they are far worse than Debian. IMHO Sarge went a little downhill, there were some rough edges during release. For example the
Combining efforts for the greater good. (Score:2, Informative)
I would like to congratulate Mr. Krafft for homing in on a critical issue; that is, how to maximize and focus the efforts of people working on all of these various distributions, especially the ones that are derived from Debian, to benefit a main project. As an editor I know that 90% of the work in publishing is in achieving the last 5% of perfection. To my mind, the open source movement needs to polish one beautiful gem and give it to the world. Do that and astonishing things will happen. Take Firefox for
Debian Annoyances (Score:3, Informative)
I've used Debian for 5+ years, not just on a desktop but also as the basis of the distributed system of a medium-sized research laboratory. I've been mostly happy, but I'm becomming restless. Yeah, apt-get is really cool, but what about...
/etc/init.d/ scripts: Debian doesn't have a nice way to turn these scripts on and off and monitor their status via a command-line tool. Red Hat's system here was very good.
user management: I use LDAP for user management; others use SAMBA and other stuff. But adduser isn't a shim that can interface to any of these back-end data-stores -- it can only do /etc/passwd.
ideology: Debian's ideological bent can be a real pain for those us using the distro for its technical merits. For example, Debian pulled SSL support from all the GPL network services that link to libssl in a fit of ideology that no other distro has had.
package management: Yeah, apt-get's dependency resolution logic is very cool. Other aspects of the system aren't so cool. Apt-get, aptitude, and other front-ends don't share the same back-end data-store, so if you mix and match these tools, you get inconsistent package data. And it's nearly impossible to force-remove a package (just delete all the damn files and forget about it!) if the associated removal script fails.
Re:Debian Annoyances (Score:2)
update-rc.d ?
Re:Debian SUCKS on SPARC --- won't install, period (Score:2)
BSD is alive
learn how to install stuff, you noob
Re:Debian SUCKS on SPARC --- won't install, period (Score:2)
Re:Debian SUCKS on SPARC --- won't install, period (Score:4, Interesting)
Either you did something wrong or just happened to have an SPARC that wasn't supported or tested.
Re:Debian SUCKS on SPARC --- won't install, period (Score:2, Informative)
OpenBSD is much better for these old Sparcs, hopefully the MP will come up to scratch for the MBus boxes.
Re:Debian SUCKS on SPARC --- won't install, period (Score:4, Informative)
I have since installed gentoo, using the standard install process, and it's worked pretty much perfectly - only gripe I have is it won't automatically generate an initrd with the right scsi modules like it can on x86, but I can live with that. So much for no linux distro having supported it for half a decade - I don't think gentoo's even been around that long.
Re:Debian SUCKS on SPARC --- won't install, period (Score:2)
After trying it 4 times, I FINALLY got a kernel compiled on my ultra/2. on bootup, it gave me panics.
After that, i was so fed up I downloaded an opensolaris CD.
Re:Debian SUCKS on SPARC --- won't install, period (Score:2)
BSD on SPARCs - starting to suck, slowly. (Score:2)
That I can agree to, on most BSD's (I have 5.2 humming along on an old Netra t1 105 sitting next to my elbow - testing is a breeze on it). --BUT-- That said, FreeBSD 6 on an old Sparc sure is cranky when it smacks right into an old school HME interface...
Would this mean that BSD support is slipping too? dunno.
/P
Re:Debian SUCKS on SPARC --- won't install, period (Score:5, Informative)
Linux debian 2.4.26 #1 Sat May 1 18:58:40 EDT 2004 sparc64 GNU/Linux
debian:~> cat
cpu : TI UltraSparc IIi (Sabre)
I'm not saying that your problems aren't real, but Debian certainly supports Sparc and in my experience, it does so very well. I've had nothing but great success with Debian and Sparc, including the installer. Perhaps you should consider filing a bug report with the Debian Installer [debian.org] team. The architectures which have fewer users, receive fewer bug reports. How can you expect them to fix a bug they may not know exists?
As an aside, there is a good chance Sparc will be cut [debian.org] from Etch, so you may not have to worry about Debian "pretending to support SPARC hardware" in the future.
Re:Debian SUCKS on SPARC --- won't install, period (Score:2)
Re:Debian SUCKS on SPARC --- won't install, period (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:Debian SUCKS on SPARC --- won't install, period (Score:2)
Re:Source (Score:2)
Re:Source (Score:2, Funny)
Countering Trusting Trust through Diverse Double-C (Score:2)
http://www.acsa-admin.org/2005/abstracts/47.html [acsa-admin.org]
Countering Trusting Trust through Diverse Double-Compiling
David A. Wheeler
Institute for Defense Analyses
USA
An Air Force evaluation of Multics, and Ken Thompson's famous Turing award lecture "Reflections on Trusting Trust," showed that compilers can be subverted to insert malicious Trojan horses into critical software, including themselves. If this attack goes undetected, even complete analysis of a system's source co
Re:Countering Trusting Trust through Diverse Doubl (Score:3, Insightful)
This paper is full of it.
The technique is possible, but so impractical as to be completely useless.
Modern compliers aren't actually that advanced. their op
Re:Quality control... (Score:3, Insightful)
You are completely wrong. The reason why Debian includes so many "old versions" of all software is because of the principle that security fixes should never force you to upgrade to the latest version; rather the fixes should be backported to the old version of the software. Thus, you don't have to worry about an upgrade breaking the functionality of your application in an unex
Re:Old software (Score:2)