Linux Kernel 2.6.14 Released 223
digitalderbs writes "Linux kernel 2.6.14 was released on 10-28. OSnews reports on new features like 'HostAP, FUSE, the linux port of the plan9's 9P protocol, netlink connector, relayfs, securityfs, centrino's wireless drivers, support for DCCP (currently a RFC draft, PPTP, full 4 page-table support for ppc64, numa-aware slab allocator, lock-free descriptor lookup' and many other things. The changelog is also available."
Notable Release (Score:5, Insightful)
Article text (Score:5, Informative)
Released October 27, 2005 changelog [kernel.org]
Numa-aware slab allocator: It creates slabs on multiple nodes and manages slabs in such a way that locality of allocations is optimized. Each node has its own list of partial, free and full slabs. All object allocations for a node occur from node specific slab lists (commit - benchmarks) [kernel.org]
Lazy page table copies in fork() for VMAs without anonymous pages (the ones with anonymous pages are still copied): Defer copying of ptes until fault time when it is possible to reconstruct the pte from backing store, speeding up fork() greatly specially for processes using lots of shared memory (commit) [kernel.org]
Add /proc/$PID/smaps: This file will shows how much memory is
resident in each mapping. Useful for people who want to perform memory
consumption analysis (commit) [kernel.org]
Add /proc/$PID/numa_maps: This file will show on which nodes pages reside (commit) [kernel.org]
Lock-free file descriptor look-up (commit) [kernel.org] - (commit) [kernel.org]
Four-level page table support for the ppc64 architecture: extends the usable user address range to 44 bits (16T). (commit) [kernel.org]
Support hotplug cpu on 32-bit SMP powermacs: When a cpu is off-lined, it is put into sleep mode with interrupts disabled. It can be on-lined again by asserting its soft-reset pin, which is connected to a GPIO pin (commit) [kernel.org]
Add TASK_NONINTERACTIVE task state bit to the cpu scheduler: It can be used by blocking points to mark the task's wait as "non-interactive". This does not mean the task will be considered a CPU-hog - the wait will simply not have an effect on the waiting task's priority - positive or negative alike (commit) [kernel.org]
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) support: RFC 2637 [ietf.org]. Used to implement VPN products (notably, Microsoft in all the Windows versions). Wikipedia article [wikipedia.org] (commit) [kernel.org]
DCCP: "Datagram Congestion Control Protocol". Datagram protocol (like UDP), but with a congestion control mechanism. (LWN article) [lwn.net] Currently a RFC draft [icir.org] (commit) [kernel.org]
Implement SKB fast cloning: Protocols that make extensive use of SKB cloning, for example TCP, eat at least 2 allocations per packet sent as a result. To
What is... (Score:5, Informative)
Just a quick scan of pages, though, so I could be off on some of these.
Final straw (Score:2, Interesting)
Their failure to implement a fully functional ext3 makes it impossible to find a decent FreeBSD hosting company that offers virtual file partition management via web interface. Even with upcoming Xen3, most providers will be using Linux hosts and the inability to mount/resize FreeBSD partition is just another barrier for making FreeBSD available customers.
This latest release of Linux kernel is just another example of how diffi
Oh, no! (Score:4, Funny)
Re:Final straw (Score:3, Interesting)
To get it to run, I had to remove the 'noacpi' line from the kernel boot parameters. This makes me very nervous, because I ADDED it to fix a problem with the software RAID code on this machine. I got occasional, mysterious "ACPI error" messages in the system log, with no other explana
your Linux problems (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Notable Release (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Notable Release (Score:2)
Re:Notable Release (Score:4, Insightful)
True, but building your own kernel isn't particularly challenging either. Basically if you have installed your GCC compiler and a couple of extra packages then as long as you can follow a recipe you can probably build a reasonably good kernel tailored for your system.
Running LILO is probably the most dangerous part, because if your config file isn't right you can leave your system unbootable. A much better option is taking the time to learn GRUB and get it installed because once it is installed all you have to do is add a couple lines to a text file to add another kernel to the list. That way you just leave your existing kernel hanging around until you get your home-made one perfected. It usually takes me a couple of attempts to get a new kernel compiled to my satisfaction.
I don't upgrade my kernel very often either. Once I get a stable system that runs well and has all my drivers supported I usually keep that kernel for a year or so, unless I'm feeling bored and just want to play around with the latest and greatest for fun.
Re:Notable Release (Score:2)
boot configuration once is a very handy feature if you have a remote powerswitch but no other way of getting at the machine until/unless networking comes up.
Re:Notable Release (Score:2)
Re:Notable Release (Score:2)
"True, but building your own kernel isn't particularly challenging either. Basically if you have installed your GCC compiler and a couple of extra packages then as long as you can follow a recipe..."
...and know what every option means, and every device you have...
"...you can probably build a reasonably good kernel tailored for your system."
Compiling a kernel is for experienced users, it can only be this way.
Re:Notable Release (Score:4, Informative)
The second reason (closely related) is that if, for some reason, the kernel files move around on disk (did you just restore from backup?), LILO blows up, and GRUB just works.
Either bootloader can be used safely to remember multiple different kernels for routine experimentation.
Re:Notable Release (Score:5, Informative)
Grub does not overwrite sector 0, EVERY TIME ONE CHANGES THE CONFIG. An operation which can fail for a number of reasons. (In other words, everytime lilo is run.) Grub instead writes the sector once, then relies on a text (and other files) which live in another sector. Even if grub's configuration file is messed up, grub will still come up, and likely be able to boot your old/new kernel. (There are ways of screwing this up, but all but one I can think of would result in lilo also failing, without even coming up.)
There are a lot of other advantages, but they weren't the one the GP was referring to. Rewriting Sector 0 like lilo does is like playing Russian Roulette with a hundred (or more) chamber pistol with one bullet.
Re:Notable Release (Score:3, Interesting)
Everyone should try compiling their own kernel at least once. It's not hard, and is a great learning experience. And there is something satisfying about knowing that the kernel you're running was compiled specifically for your machine, with no extraneous fluff like "Ham Radio Support".
Just make sure you keep the old one safe.
Ham Radio support is good. (Score:2)
Re:Notable Release (Score:2)
still have no clue what NetBSD 3.0 will come and I am supposed to figure it out on my own.
Reiser4? (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:Reiser4? (Score:2)
Re:Reiser4? -- victim of politics+human nature (Score:3, Insightful)
It's time, IMHO, for Linus to pull rank and just order it merged.
Re:Reiser4? -- victim of politics+human nature (Score:5, Interesting)
reiser3 solid as a rock, today (Score:2)
that's kind of the point (Score:4, Informative)
Re:that's kind of the point (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Reiser4? -- victim of politics+human nature (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Reiser4? -- victim of politics+human nature (Score:5, Informative)
features and performance are *not* the top priorities in Linux, the top priority is maintainability. The rate at which features and performance improvements are added is a consequence of the maintainability, which must not be compromised for the sake of a slightly cool filesystem.
Re:Reiser4? -- victim of politics+human nature (Score:2)
There is little to indicate Namesys' code is less maintainable than anyone else's. Most indications are that it is probably significantly better than many subsystems. Reiser4 in particular has been redesigned for modularity, etc...
Re:Reiser4? -- victim of politics+human nature (Score:5, Informative)
One problem with reiser4 (now addressed in the code proposed for inclusion at this time) was that it changed some of the defined semantics of the vfs. This bit won't go in until it is thoroughly discussed and user-space has subsequently been prepared for it (and deprecation of the old behaviour widely expected).
The problem with the modularity of reiser4 is that is implemented fully inside reiser4 instead of being designed as a modification of the vfs where reiser4 simply provides one storage backend. The reiser4 modules should have been put right up behind the vfs as a proof of concept for the first integration, where the new modularity features could be moved bit-by-bit into the vfs, where all filesystem are then just a storage backend and all could be easily made to support the transaction and query facilities expected.
Some of the style problems included things like generic datatypes being implemented in the reiser4 directory instead of as a general facility for the kernel as a whole. Most of these were fixed, I believe, but AFAIK the problem of the level at which the modularity is implemented, and the failure to distinguish between semantic/feature modules and storage backend is not a good design.
Re:Reiser4? -- victim of politics+human nature (Score:4, Informative)
ReiserFS3 is "version 3" of the Reiser filesystem. Hans wants it to be deemed "stable" and free from new FEATURES, and only bug fixes be applied. Any new features he wants to put in the next version of ReiserFS, v4. Rarely do you see MAJOR features from Kernel v2.6 being backported to v2.4, there is reason for that, because with features comes bugs.
For some reason people consider this to be abandoning Reiser3. When it is quite the opposite.
Re:Reiser4? -- victim of politics+human nature (Score:2)
Re:Reiser4? -- victim of politics+human nature (Score:2)
I don't doubt that he is very skilled, but he's still the resident pit bull, if you've read any of the flame fests he's been involved in. He jumps in to just about every fireball conjuring match that rears its ugly head on lkml (Hans Reiser is simil
Re:Reiser4? -- victim of politics+human nature (Score:5, Interesting)
Reading that thread, I'm not sure why. ReiserFS may be the bees' knees, but that's no excuse for that kind of behavior. Kernel style is kernel style; if Reiser thinks they should change kernel style, that's a reasonable thing to discuss, but the fuck-you-my-code's-better-than-your-crappy-code routine sure isn't the way to go about it.
Re:Reiser4? (Score:2)
Do a search on slashdot for Hans' posts, they are quite insightful.
Re:Reiser4? (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Reiser4? (Score:2)
Re:Reiser4? (Score:2)
Re:Reiser4? (Score:2)
how will you boot from a filesystem that can only be accessed using a driver/module/fuse thingy that is located on that same filesystem?
I admit you can do tricks with boot images or a small "startup" partition but that surely isn't much fun.
Re:Reiser4? (Score:2)
Re:Reiser4? (Score:2)
Re:Reiser4? (Score:2)
JFS wasn't the fastest in I/O throughput, but it wasn't all that much slower either. However, it had the lowest CPU utilization during I/O which to me seems to make my system run very smoothly. Even if the disk is thrashing like crazy while cron is doing daily maintenance, the overall responsiveness seems largely unaffected.
I played with Reiser3 for a while, and while it wa
huh? (Score:5, Interesting)
Hasn't the kernel pretty much reached the point where, for the average user, the only problems are those that just can't be fixed -- in other words, drivers for proprietary devices that haven't had their specs released by the manufacturers?
Re:huh? (Score:5, Insightful)
If you told me the changes in Ford's latest car engine, I probably wouldn't understand them either, certainly not if I need them or not. Normal people aren't supposed to understand a kernel change log. Device drivers are the odd exception, not the rule (and more often than not have little to do with the kernel, the kernel provides an interface and someone writes a driver to that interface).
Re:huh? (Score:5, Informative)
A lot of things that the "average user" takes for granted are supported by features in the kernel that they didn't know even existed.
A lot of things that Linux *applications* need to do require kernel features that need to be implemented.
Take all the new search utilities (Beagle et al.) for example, they are depending on kernel features like "Inotify". If you read about Inotify you probably wouldn't give a damn, but you read about Beagle and then understand the point.
Same goes for other types of features, like more secure/reliable filesystems. Sure the average user "doesn't care", but he sure cares when that feature wasn't implemented and he ended up losing half his work to a crash.
Besides, one of the biggest complaints about Linux is that when a brand-new application comes along that requires a user to "patch and recompile the kernel", it's *too hard* for the average user. So be happy when these features become included by default.
Re:huh? (Score:4, Funny)
Just a heads up, are you sure you understand all of Beagle's capabilities? It sounds like you got about 2% correct.
Re:huh? (Score:5, Informative)
(note: I'm no expert on the linux kernel) Yes and no. Much of what is left to be done in linux kernel has to do with proprietary devices. However, these things are not in the category "cannot be fixed." In fact, OSS developers constantly reverse-engineer new devices and standards, and get them working properly. It is hard, but can be done. For instance, this release includes enhanced support for Centrino, which is a standard for wireless connectivity (in laptops, etc.). Just because companies do not release specs does not mean that the linux kernel cannot include support for them. It is very very hard, but somehow they manage to do it!
And in a broader sense, the kernel is never "done" because computer hardware and software is constantly evolving, and thus the kernel must constantly evolve to meet modern demands. Yes, a 10-year old kernel will probably run your web server just fine, but the newer kernel versions integrate much better with newer hardware technology.
Re:huh? (Score:5, Informative)
Bad example, these drivers are officially supported by Intel. See, e.g. the project page [slashdot.org].
Re:huh? (Score:2)
Re:huh? (Score:2)
There's still a lot of fundamental work outside of proprietary drivers and keeping up with the latest specs and all that. The NUMA slab allocator in this release, for example, qualifies as that type of thing. So does the spinlock consolidation and the lockless file descriptor thing from the Changelog. The Linux kernel is a huge, huge project. We could freeze all hardware and standards in the world so that there was nothing left to do but refine the kernel we have today, and it would still take another 5
You are on the Intarweb. (Score:2)
Wow, there's not a single thing on that list of features that I understand.
You are on the Intarweb. Get reading. There is plenty of good information available, epsecially about computer science.
Re:huh? (Score:2)
Just because you lack the level of knowledge enough to understand what the list consists of, doesn't mean those loads of fixes and features are all useless. In fact I'm really happy new features are not only shopwindow-additions like some big companies do: list for hours what they "added" so 6packs feel they really gave out their money for something.
Higher-level features (Score:3, Informative)
Much of what is on that list is a bit esoteric, but I think you might be exagerating. If you don't know what these are, you don't deserve the title of ``geek'':
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) support: RFC 2637 [ietf.org]. Used to implement VPN products (notably, Microsoft in all the Windows versions).
IPV6: Support several new sockopt / ancillary data in Advanced API (RFC3542)
FUSE: Allows to implement a fully functional files
A little more explanation (Score:2)
IPv6 isn't a big deal for most people. Yet. If you've a laptop with IPv6, and you are in a cafe with wireless IPv6, then you move to a bookshop wi
Re:huh? (Score:2)
Wow, there's not a single thing on that list of features that I understand. Either these are names for things I wanted but didn't know the names for, or these are all things I don't need.
I was going to say:
Parse Error:
Perhaps you are missing an ) after "currently an RFC draft"
Most of the rest of it is quite interesting. I wonder how often PPTP will actually be used now that we have really mature IPSec implimentations in place....
Re:huh? (Score:2)
Yeah, and they didst bow their heads and think of KDE, and were enlightened...
*grinning, ducking, and running while MOONING at the same time...*
This is funny (Score:3, Informative)
lol.
Re:This is funny (Score:3, Insightful)
Kids these days throw around the word "troll" like politicians throw around the words "terrorist" and "communist". It is often used out of context and at the wrong times, and thus has no true meaning any longer.
Re:This is funny (Score:2)
I just meta-moderated a troll as unfair, which I usually do, by the way. Just because a moderator disagrees with a post does not make the author of the post a troll.
Re:This is funny (Score:2, Interesting)
Re:This is funny (Score:2)
Centrino wireless drivers (Score:3, Interesting)
How does that differ from ipw2200 drivers [sf.net] ?
BTW, here's a coral link [nyud.net] for the kernel changelog.
Re:Centrino wireless drivers (Score:4, Insightful)
Look out Linux gimps, here comes the troll song! (Score:4, Funny)
The crap filter is annoying, I agree
You can defeat it if you do it logically
There must be fifty ways to troll on Slashdot
She said it's not really my habit to intrude
The sensationalist titles are often misconstrued
The editors' spelling may be somewhat crude
There must be fifty ways to troll on Slashdot
Fifty ways to troll on Slashdot
Mods are on crack, Jack
Repost spam, Sam
GNAA, Ray
Just set yourself free
Get a first post, Gus
You don't need to discuss much
Hit the refresh key, Lee
And get yourself free
Goatse.cx Tex,
Widen the page, Dave
Stephen King's dead, Fred
Just set yourself free
Change the article text, Gus
You don't need to discuss much
BSD's dead, Lee
Just get yourself free
Although it grieves me to see Zonk in so much pain
I post "I fail it!" and then start to smile again
Netcraft confirms that Wikipedia explains
About the fifty ways to troll on Slashdot
She said why don't we both karma whore tonight
Thinks about your breathing, you'll begin to see the light
She poured hot grits down herself and I know she was right
There must be fifty ways to troll on Slashdot
Fifty ways to troll on Slashdot
Is it whack, Jack
Viewing tubgirl, Earl
Mod up a flame, Shane
Just set yourself free
KDE sucks, Gus
You don't need to discuss much
Referral link, Lee
Just set yourself free
Re:Look out Linux gimps, here comes the troll song (Score:2, Offtopic)
Personally, I'd love to hear a new rendition of You Can Call Me Al [paulsimon.com] crafted for Slashdot.
Great for klik and go applications (Score:3, Interesting)
The mounting of file systems without root permisson means klik will become even easier to install on linux distributions. And it already runs on several distributions without configuaration.
Absolutely no difference for those applications (Score:4, Informative)
FUSE has nothing to do with security or user permissions for mounting. FUSE allows filesystem drivers to be run in userspace (most likely still with root permissions) rather than forcing them to be compiled into the kernel or loaded as a kernel module. (Similar to binfmt_misc for "executables", where the kernel does not directly execute certain executable files, but can be told which userspace program it can call in order to execute it.)
Re:Great for klik and go applications (Score:2)
File descriptor offsets? (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:File descriptor offsets? (Score:2)
Re:File descriptor offsets? (Score:3, Interesting)
Try this patch [achurch.org]. It's worked fine for me for the last few years.
PPTP (Score:2)
Re:PPTP (Score:4, Informative)
Re:PPTP (Score:2)
I wonder why the MPPE patch isn't a part of the stock kernel then? It's been around forever.
Re:PPTP (Score:2, Informative)
Re:PPTP (Score:2)
Thinkpad owners, old and new (Score:2)
Re:Thinkpad owners, old and new (Score:2)
*ducks*
Re:Thinkpad owners, old and new (Score:2)
Truth in advertising, kids!
FUSE is way cool (Score:5, Informative)
Linux is starting to go beyond emulating the Unixes of yore, to create a whole new world of computing.
Re:FUSE is way cool (Score:2)
Error: (Score:3, Funny)
(currently a RFC draft, PPTP, full 4 page-table support for ppc64, numa-aware slab allocator, lock-free descriptor lookup' and many other things. The changelog is also available."
Welcome to Slashdot.
WOOT! (Score:2)
(Previously, removing the SBP2, aka IEEE 1394 storage device, driver from the kernel had a habit of doing Bad Things.)
SMP AMD64s need this version (Score:5, Informative)
Plan 9 protocol and FUSE (Score:3, Interesting)
Expect vast numbers of FUSE programs. In the future I expect *most* non-trivial programs to actually be FUSE programs.
modern wifi, finally...but more needed (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:modern wifi, finally...but more needed (Score:2)
anyone know any sites (Score:2)
Re:anyone know any sites (Score:2)
Thanks for the Promise TX4000 Support! (Score:2)
Thanks. It's much appreciated.
Re:wow (Score:3, Informative)
Re:wow (Score:3, Interesting)
Centrino pumpkin pc [uark.edu]
Stability (Score:2)
I would have much rather read "New features: nothing" at this point in the development of 2.6.
Re:Stability (Score:3, Interesting)
You haven't said the 2.6.14 kernel is unusable, you hint that it could be. You say that it _may_ be totally unstable, not that it is. What is the actual problem? You smell very troll-ish to me.
I'm more than happy with the pace of development and I can stick with an older release if I need to. History shows that if you wait a bit your hardware will be supported. Whats the problem here? Sounds like a lot of compl
Re:Stability (Score:3, Interesting)
For illustration, let it be assumed that the version number is composed thus: A.B.C[.D]
A D number first occurred when a grave error, which required immediate fixing, was encountered in 2.6.8's NFS code. However, there were not enough other changes to legitimate the release of a new minor revision (which would have been 2.6.9). So, 2.6.8.1 was released, with the onl
Re:Obligatory... (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Obligatory... (Score:2, Funny)
Re:Obligatory... (Score:2)
Re:The latest _stable_ version of the Linux kernel (Score:2)
Re:The latest _stable_ version of the Linux kernel (Score:2)
It wasn't a user configuration issue. To get DMA support back, you have
Re:The latest _stable_ version of the Linux kernel (Score:2)