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Editorial Software Linux

Asa Dotzler on Why Linux Isn't Ready for the Desktop 958

An anonymous reader writes "Asa Dotzler of The Mozilla Foundation compares the explosive growth of Firefox to the anything but explosive growth of Linux and what it needs to do to get there for the "regular user" AKA mom, dad and grandma Bootsie."
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Asa Dotzler on Why Linux Isn't Ready for the Desktop

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  • by PocketPick ( 798123 ) on Wednesday July 13, 2005 @09:05PM (#13059209)
    Mandrake Linux isn't really that old of a system. I remember purchasing the 8.0 distribution at Circuit City just about 2 1/2 years ago.
  • it IS ready... (Score:3, Informative)

    by override11 ( 516715 ) <cpeterson@gts.gaineycorp.com> on Wednesday July 13, 2005 @09:08PM (#13059230) Homepage
    Windows was never thought of as 'easy' when it first came out. You still had to learn how to use it, what to click to close a window, the concepts of using a mouse, right click, etc. Linux is just different enough from a window PC that there will be a learning curve. Frankly, I wouldnt want another OS that was exactly like windows.

    Anything worth doing is worth some effort. Just sit down with linux for a bit and you will find it can do everything that Windows can do, just a bit different.
  • by wyldeone ( 785673 ) on Wednesday July 13, 2005 @09:23PM (#13059339) Homepage Journal
    These same articles have been spewing out for pretty much all of the time that linux has been a major os. Each one adds little to the rest (and this one is no exception); they focus on several things: the difficulty of installing applications, the difficulty of migrating from windows, and the need to resort to the command lines. For the first, in any modern distro installing applications is much easier than it is in windows. In windows, if I want to install an application, I have to find the download, download it, double click the icon, then click "next" a whole bunch of times. Then I likely will be asked to reboot. On linux it's either apt-get install xxx or yum install xxx. And if you're not comfortable with the commandline, there're several guis available (the best IMO is synaptic.) Which one is more daunting? For the second, these people generally complain that the KDE or Gnome desktop is not exactly like windows. This is true. However, I would say that this is a good thing; certaintly the windows desktop shell is not perfect, or anywhere near perfection, and steps to make it better are not a bad thing. I have seen poor computer users pick up KDE in a few hours. For the third, this is also false. Nearly every task which an ordinary user would be doing has a gui; even more outlandish things such as setting up a web server or ftp daemon have guis. For doing the stuff that most computer users do it is never needed to go to the command line. While it's true that some things are difficult to do on linux for an ordinary computer user, things like setting up a mail server, web server, etc., how many people actually do that on windows? It's not something that the normal desktop user will do. Linux on the desktop is ready. We have a free version of every major application group (office, graphics, music, etc.), the interfaces are easier than ever to use (look at the KDE command center). We just have to get people using it.
  • Apps (Score:2, Informative)

    by SimURL ( 822939 ) on Wednesday July 13, 2005 @09:38PM (#13059459) Homepage
    I believe, the main reason that Linux hasn't taken off on the desktop is the lack of mature open source apps. Desktop users tend to use and have invested in many applications to do whatever it is that they do (i.e. productivity, internet, games, photos, etc.). It takes time to offer solutions (Wine, OpenOffice, etc.) that are as robust (or robust enough) and make it inexpensive and easy to tranfer data and the occasional Windows app (games) to a Linux box.

    There is cost (which is slowly declining over time) associated with a transfer from Windows to Linux.
  • Sums up my reasons (Score:1, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 13, 2005 @09:44PM (#13059499)
    I've been dabbling with linux since the late 90's.

    Say what you want about how much better it is, Linux won't become widely adopted until it can satisfy the lowest common denominators - your manager, your parents, your cousin who keeps asking why he gets all those pop-ups...

    I applaud the companies who are working to make this happen. But until mom & pop can turn the PC on and make it do what they want it to on the first go, it's an uphill battle. They don't want to have to remember their password or the root password - security be damned. They're also working with years of windows experience in most cases. If you can't put it into windows terms they will relate to, they won't buy in ("your 'My documents' is now 'Home'").

    For dedicated techs, yeah - linux is a great thing. But try telling your mom to go read the MAN file the modify a config file in her editor of choice. Wait for the blank stare...
  • by dr_leviathan ( 653441 ) on Wednesday July 13, 2005 @09:49PM (#13059532)
    I'm a GNU/linux user (8 years, currently using Debian sarg via Knoppix) and have been recommending GNU/linux to friends and colleagues for years. I recenlty set my mom up with BeatrIX so she could do spreadsheet stuff.

    She went ahead and bought a printer... but she couldn't set it up, so I drove three hours just to set up her printer (an HP OfficeJet 4215 connected via USB)... and failed miserably. The GUI wizard was able to detect the printer model string, but beyond that there was no evidence that it could reach the printer at all. Although the model string had the make and model the wizard couldn't use that information to select the make and model and thereby pick the right CUPS configuration. When I manually picked the make and model nothing happened. I searched all over for something wrong, but didn't know enough to figure it out (I've only successfully set up one or two printers on GNU/linux in my entire career, the most recent success was using CUPS to connect to a SAMBA shareed printer... that just worked and was easier than doing it on Windows 2000).

    Not only did BeatrIX fail but so did Knoppix-V_3.8! I was rather demoralized. Meanwhile my step father (a WindowsXP user) chuckled at the botched attempts.

    Granted, if she had a broadband connection I probably could have searched the internet for tips and tricks and eventually figured it out, however the conclusion I had to make was that my favorite distribution wasn't ready for the vast majority of regular computer users out there.

    My solution will be to buy a !@#$%^&*() OfficeJet 4215 for myself just so I can figure out how to make the stupid thing work, and then make that 3 hour trip again.

    But for Christmas she'll probably get a digital camera and a new struggle will begin. Notice, I'm not optimisitc anymore.

    I LOVE GNU/linux as my desktop, but it sure isn't ready for the masses.
  • by alucinor ( 849600 ) on Wednesday July 13, 2005 @09:50PM (#13059545) Journal
    The problem isn't Linux. It's a great kernel, very stable, and makes a great server of nearly any sort.

    The problem is with trying to integrate the whole freakin' OSS world (plus a piece or three of proprietary stuff here and there) into a functioning distro.

    Yeah, it'd be great (in a way) to have central control over the Free Desktop System, but that'd be a bit of an oxymoron.

    Slowly, though, things are standardizing quite naturally ... the OSS ecosystem is killing off the weaker projects (like sound servers, oh jeez ... way too many of those) and little by little, all the pieces of a fully-functioning Linux/*BSD-based desktop OS are coming together. (And when I say *BSD, I mean anything but Darwin :)

    Of course, as I say this, I had to run fsck.ext3 /dev/hdc1 today, as my Hoary Hedgehog installation mysteriously got hosed. The only thing I can think of causing this was that I was transcoding Return of the King overnight ... but that's just a shot in the dark.
  • by diamondsw ( 685967 ) on Wednesday July 13, 2005 @09:57PM (#13059600)
    This link is so critical I'm putting it first: Progressive Disclosure [blogs.com]

    There's a lot of bullshit comments being made already, and the vast majority surround this one chunk:

    Regular People don't want their OK and Cancel buttons reversed -- tossing out years of finely tuned muscle memory. Regular People shouldn't have to learn what /home means or how it differs from My Documents. ... Linux UI fundamentals need a reworking to match the habits that Windows users have been building over the last decade

    Nothing else makes any real reference to being "Windows-like". Toss it out and read that article again. And again. And for anyone who designs a distro, read it, bookmark it, make it your home page, or print it and put it on your wall.

    Asa is saying that Linux *must* be more user-focused, and there's almost nothing in his article except good suggestions that will not remove any of the "geeky cred" or usefulness of Linux.

    Things like (for those too lazy to read the RTFA, or are reading with blinders on):
    • Migration of user settings - even if just basic ones like bookmarks, documents, e-mail settings. Users will immediately feel more at home if their stuff is there and ready for them. Start small with things that are easy (bookmarks, a symbolic link back to their old documents, e-mail settings, perhaps their current wallpaper setting) and continue to build.
    • Simple software installation - honestly, things like synaptic do a lot to help on this, but Linux needs to have a way for someone to download one thing and have it work. If that means that various Linux subsystems need to freeze their API's more, so be it. The Linux Standard Base project was working on this, and it needs to happen.
    • Progressive Disclosure [blogs.com] - Fewer features in front of the user, not more (but feel free to keep an "advanced" button with all the rest). Only show options that are applicable (the settings vs preferences example was excellent). Only show the "major" programs. The file browser/Open/Save dialogs need a lot of work - show the user how to easily get to where they need to be, and by default hide the "UNIXy" stuff - look at OS X for some inspiration.
    • Defaults - Continue refining the "out-of-box" desktop experience (leaner main menus, more familiar default taskbar configuration, cleaner and more "professional" UI - Fedora is doing a *lot* right in this regard). Let it all be customizeable, but the defaults must be sensible for the largest (and simplest) audience.
    • Comfort - This does not mean "like Windows". This means things should work as expected. Drives should mount automatically without any settings or fiddling. Documents should be easy to find. Applications should be easy to install. For God's sake, never allow the X clipboard near a "normal" user (FreeDesktop is working well on that one). Terminology should be simplified ("Home", "Mount", "Execute", and others must go). You should never, ever, ever have to touch a text file, or even hear about something called "fstab".


    So, what functionality is the Linux power user going to lose? None. But you'll make it a lot easier for "normal" users to not only get things done, but have fewer questions for their support staff (you).
  • by AKAImBatman ( 238306 ) * <akaimbatman AT gmail DOT com> on Wednesday July 13, 2005 @10:12PM (#13059673) Homepage Journal
    Asa is saying that Linux *must* be more user-focused, and there's almost nothing in his article except good suggestions that will not remove any of the "geeky cred" or usefulness of Linux.

    Indeed. FWIW, I wrote an article on this [blogspot.com] not so long ago. One of the biggest backlashes was the complaint that "We don't want Linux to be like Windows!" I found this complaint to be humorous, because I never suggested anything even remotely like Windows. The design I suggested was more like OS X, but more advanced, powerful, and Linux focused.

    Even so, I had to do a followup article [blogspot.com] to clear up many of the misconceptions people had about my suggested design.
  • by Thundersnatch ( 671481 ) on Wednesday July 13, 2005 @10:44PM (#13059913) Journal
    The SP2 'firewall' still lets in about 7 network ports by default, including those used for some of the major worms.

    This is total, complete BS. By default, the XP firewall allows *no* incoming ports, even to the local subnet. I just confirmed this earlier today with a brand new XP SP2 install.

    You maye have installed XP in a corporate or campus environment that had a group policy which allowed incoming ports for file sharing to the local subnet. Or maybe you choose to allow file and printer sharing to the local subnet by checking a few boxes in the GUI. But those settings are absolutely not the Windows XP SP2 default.

    The only program that is allowed to listen for connections by default is Remote Assistance. But those ports are only opened if you actually start remote assistance and use it to ask for help. It is an application-triggered firewall rule. You can confirm this yourself by hitting the "Restore Defaults" on the Advanced tab of the firewall control panel.

  • by VectorSC ( 721025 ) on Wednesday July 13, 2005 @10:50PM (#13059950)
    The_mad_posters arguements are pretty good, guys. You have to give him that. Every point he has brought up is real, from my perspective as a Linux developer, poweruser, security consultant, and general computer dude.

    I see people at home using Linux, MacOS X, and Windows all of the time. And most of what I see is trouble issues with these systems.

    Because of this, I can add another point, one that may seem totally strange and out of place here, but nonetheless accurate.

    Home Linux users with Windows level user ability feel trapped when they use a Linux system instead.
    Why? Because Windows provides the most user friendly method of downloading, installing, and using software of the Big3.

    You install a piece of software on Windows, and you get 1) a central place to uninstall the junk you just put on there, 2) An Icon on your Desktop that you can click on, and 3) an icon in the infamous start menu.

    Under linux, I have to hit the commmand line more than 50% of the time, and using the 10o or so different uninstaller/installer systems that come with linux is a REAL pain in the ass for the standard user.

    Under Windows, I almost never HAVE to use the command line to do something. Under linux, it's just the opposite.

    Hell, even OSX is moving from an easy to use system to more convolution in installation. For example, is it a .sit file, or a .dmg? And if I just drag this onto the dock, will it have to mount that .dmg every damn time I use this program? (of course I know how to fix that, but remember, not everyone is savvy out there), and what about this installer thingy?

    Some of these problems are being addressed. In fact, the SymphonyOS problem is trying to address all of these flaws and more all at once. (note the bias of a developer here, BTW.)

    So, give me my cake, and watch me eat it, too!
  • Installing Programs (Score:3, Informative)

    by natrius ( 642724 ) <niran&niran,org> on Wednesday July 13, 2005 @11:08PM (#13060081) Homepage
    I agree with the points Asa makes about migration and installing programs, and of these, I'll address the one where I know progress is being made.

    Installing programs has been a pain for new Linux users for a long time. It's hard enough to adjust to the new paradigm of getting programs from a central repository, and laying an inadequate interface on top of that doesn't help much either. The main problem with Synaptic, the best apt frontend I've used, is that you have to wade through tons of packages for libraries and servers that few end users will ever touch. To fix this, Ross Burton [burtonini.com] put together a program that lets you install and remove programs through a tree that mirrors the Applications menu. Instead of installing some cryptic package, you're adding a menu entry. It may not be perfect, but it's vastly simpler. I'm currently working on expanding the program to let you install any application, [niran.org] among other things.

    The other issue that people have with installing applications is that the repository might not have the latest, greatest version that the user wants. Ubuntu freezes a set of packages and stabilizes them, which is an approach that works for many users and keeps things bug free. For the next version, the backports project [ubuntuforums.com] will be come an official part of Ubuntu, making it easier for users to choose if they want the latest packages or the most stable ones. Users won't have to try to install the Firefox binary that the MoFo provides since they'll be able to get it straight from the repositories, precluding any weird library incompatibility problems.

    Things are getting better.
  • by asa ( 33102 ) <asa@mozilla.com> on Thursday July 14, 2005 @12:11AM (#13060425) Homepage
    f that was required for people to switch no one would ever move to Apple.

    This is the third or forth time I've seem mention of this on this thread. I think you all overestimate the number of people switching to Apple. How many users have they actually taken from Windows? A million? Two million? It certainly isn't much more than that. I know it's apples to oranges, but Firefox gets about that many IE switchers _every_week_. How did we go from one or two million users total just a couple of years ago to many tens of millions of users today? In part by making it work the way IE users expected it to work (without dropping innovative and powerful features like tabbed browsing and pop-up blocking.)

    If there is a better way of doing things why not do it? I think constraining yourself to the way Windows does things is a little pointless.

    Why not do it? Because users don't like change. Because sometimes habit and comfort are more important than making it marginally better. Unless you can make a dramatic value addition for the user, change is probably a bad idea.

    I think desktop Linux is looking good, and it's just a matter of time before it manages to carve out its niche.

    I'm a big fan of Linux (and Mac and Windows, too) and I want it to be successful. I didn't write a blog post saying "Linux can't and won't succeed," I tried to point out the areas that I think are conditions for its success. I think there's a big opportunity pre-longhorn to show that we've got the right stuff. That window is closing and things will be much more difficult after that. I think it's dangerous for us to think "it's just a matter of time."

    - A
  • by zanidor ( 824097 ) on Thursday July 14, 2005 @01:27AM (#13060726)
    From the article: "Just because you can include a feature doesn't mean that you should. Just because you can provide a user preference doesn't mean you should." This is one of the big things I _like_ about Linux. I like having the options, and being able to configure things exactly the way I want. I like that using Linux allows (forces) me to learn the details of how my system works. Without these things, it just wouldn't be Linux. I'm all for encouraging users to switch over, but not at the expense of what I consider to be the biggest draws of the OS.
  • by IamTheRealMike ( 537420 ) on Thursday July 14, 2005 @04:04AM (#13061223)
    That's correct, Ubuntu Universe is disabled by default, despite the fact that most of the packages you will want are there.

    This is silly. It's been raised on the Ubuntu lists time and time again. Nonetheless, they refuse to enable it, because Canonical can't guarantee security updates for it. That's also silly, in my books, but then I find the whole idea of a Universe repository very silly indeed; it's simply not possible for a distro to ever be 'finished' like that.

    Unfortunately, whilst new means of distributing software [autopackage.org] are being developed, the distribution developers generally strongly dislike them and sometimes go out of their way to cause difficulty for them. At some point there'll probably be a new wave of distros derived from the current ones that take the last "easy steps" to make Linux really usable for family and friends. Hell I'll do it myself one day if need be. Fedora is so close yet so far!

    Still ... it's easy for Asa to criticise now. But think about all those years that Mozilla lumbered on with essentially zero popularity outside of the geek world. It wasn't until Firefox (which took years to develop) reached version 1 that things really took off. Linux is still in the Mozilla Seamonkey stage: cute features are being developed but that last stretch hasn't been reached yet. Arguably, it hasn't even been started.

  • Re:Disappointed (Score:3, Informative)

    by delire ( 809063 ) on Thursday July 14, 2005 @10:58AM (#13063093)

    It is clear you haven't used Linux in years. why on earth you are compiling applications I don't know.

    My sister, someone who hates computers, hated Windows, and simply hates Linux less, types the keyword of the kind of package she wishes to install in 'kpackage' and then hits the elusively titled 'Install' button to.. you guessed it.

    Recently, after 2 years of Linux use she asked "what is the command line?", having heard about it from a friend. When asked how she's going with Linux she replied "i like the way i don't have to go to websites to install programs." That's her experience of Linux, in it's would be blazing, crippled complexity.

    Secondly, why are you doing using redhat's experimental, sandbox OS, one even they admit is purely there as a public laboratory for testing developments that may or may not make it into their stable, supported, enterprise software [redhat.com].

    Interesting this was also the case for the vacuous author of the original article.

    Frankly I couldn't care either way, Linux is fun, free, powerful and flexible. Since when have computers not been about learning something.
  • Linux vs Windows (Score:2, Informative)

    by thriemus ( 514728 ) * on Thursday July 14, 2005 @11:15AM (#13063242)
    It's amazing the amount of "computer literate" people that cannot perform the most basic of functions in scripts. Also categorically I can tell you that I have 100 times the power in bash scripts than windows batch files and thats perhaps the reason that windows users cant get to grips with the command line. Almost anything can be configured from Linux command line but the same cannot be said for windows/dos. That level of functionality was never there for windows users they hit a minefield when faced with all the command options inherent to linux users. Try explaining what sed, awk or grep does to a windows user and it's very hard. Also they think in simple terms of 1 command per line and cannot get their heads round && or piping and redirection. Sometimes a wimp environment is not necessarily the most productive for a range of tasks however, nearly all of these functions can be performed in X.

    Another thing that I have noticed with windows to linux users is that when you explain that if you want to know about a command then use the man command and that's where the problem arises IMHO. The majority of windows users don't want to have to read up on another operating system because they already know one. In my business I have deployed linux desktops to use RDP to connect to Win2K terminal services and have had amazing results and increased productivity due to lack of spyware/virus problems on the end users machine. Also with automatic YOU updates in SUSE I am not worried about the linux boxes posing too much of a security risk. This saves money on end user antivirus/spyware/firewall programs and because they only have access to a terminal server I don't have to worry about users saving important data on local hard drives that don't get backed up. So with a linux server running the usual snort, squid etc etc you only have a few points of entry to secure and protect from the ocean of headaches that arise from web browsing these days. Of course this is for a business model and home users are a completely different kettle of fish.

    Where linux is lacking these days for a home user operating system is media and games. Ask a windows user these days what he is doing with his home pc and 95% of them will tell you the following:

    1) Browsing the internet (Linux has Firefox so no problem here)
    2) Downloading music (Linux has music players so no problem here)
    3) Downloading Movies (This is a problem IMO)
    4) 3D Games (This is linux's biggest shortfall for the home user desktop market)

    Games cannot be played either can downloaded movies and thats ruling linux out of the end user market.

    The problems of old such as installation, drivers (especially sound!!) have all been addressed. The problems above need looking at IMHO.

    Just my 2 cents.
  • by asa ( 33102 ) <asa@mozilla.com> on Thursday July 14, 2005 @08:32PM (#13068739) Homepage
    Still ... it's easy for Asa to criticise now. But think about all those years that Mozilla lumbered on with essentially zero popularity outside of the geek world. It wasn't until Firefox (which took years to develop) reached version 1 that things really took off. Linux is still in the Mozilla Seamonkey stage: cute features are being developed but that last stretch hasn't been reached yet. Arguably, it hasn't even been started.

    Ahh, friend. You've hit on exactly my point: It is _the_ right time for Linux to try to do for itself what Firefox did for Mozilla.

    How did we do that with Firefox? Well, there were four things.... (did you read my blog post?)

    - A

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